Abstract:
:A variety of behavioral instruments are available for assessing important aspects of cognition in both animals and humans and, in many cases, the same instruments can be used in both. While nonhuman primates are phylogenetically closest to humans, rodents, pigeons and other animals also offer behaviors worthy of note. Delay Discounting procedures are as useful as any in studies of impulsivity and may have utility in shedding light on processes associated with drug abuse. Specific memory tests such as Visual Paired Comparisons tasks (similar to the Fagan test of infant intelligence) can be modified to allow for assessment of different aspects of memory such as spatial memory. Use of these and other specific memory tasks can be used to directly monitor aspects of cognitive development in infant animals, particularly in nonhuman primates such as monkeys, and children and to draw inferences with respect to possible neuroanatomical substrates sub-serving their functions. Tasks for assessing working memory such as Variable Delayed Response (VDR), modified VDR and Spatial Working Memory tasks are now known to be affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). These and other cognitive function tasks are being used in a monkey model of PD to assess the ability of anti-Parkinson's disease therapies to ameliorate these cognitive deficits without diminishing their therapeutic effects on motor dysfunction. Similarly, in a rat model of the cognitive deficits associated with perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), clear parallels with children can be seen in at least two areas of executive function: cognitive flexibility and response inhibition. In the rat model, discrimination reversal tasks were utilized to assess cognitive flexibility, a function often assessed in humans using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Response inhibition was assessed using performance in a Differential Reinforcement of Low Response Rates (DRL) task. As the data continue to accumulate, it becomes more clear that our attempts to adapt animal-appropriate tasks for the study of important aspects of human cognition have proven to be very fruitful.
journal_name
Neurotoxicol Teratoljournal_title
Neurotoxicology and teratologyauthors
Paule MG,Green L,Myerson J,Alvarado M,Bachevalier J,Schneider JS,Schantz SLdoi
10.1016/j.ntt.2012.01.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
263-73issue
2eissn
0892-0362issn
1872-9738pii
S0892-0362(12)00021-9journal_volume
34pub_type
abstract::The effects of maternal urinary tract infection (UTI) or endotoxin exposure on fetal outcome in rats were investigated. Prior to conception, dams of the UTI group were water-deprived and anesthetized. The urinary tract was then catheterized and injected with 0.2 of 1 x 10(9) Escherichia coli. The endotoxin group was i...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(01)00142-8
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol alters the homeostasis between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and its intoxication reveals adenosine as responsible to modify several responses including signal transduction. Zebrafish has been recently investigated for knowledge the prolonged effect of ethanol on behavioral and biochemical parame...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2017.11.001
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrical kindling of the amygdala and hippocampus was used to evaluate the effects of two formamidines, chlordimeform (CDF) and amitraz (AMZ), upon seizures susceptibility in the rat. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with electrodes in the amygdala or dorsal dentate gyrus, and injected IP daily with 40 mg/kg CDF,...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(88)90021-9
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylphenidate (MPD) is a dopamine uptake inhibitor and the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Several studies have shown that such stimulants as cocaine and amphetamine that are administered during gestation and lactation may disrupt maternal beha...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.008
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory-evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in male Long-Evans and Fischer-344 rats in order to characterize the electrophysiological consequences of chronic inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE). Groups of ten Long-Evans rats were exposed to air or 1600 ppm or 3200 ppm TCE for twelve weeks and evaluated per...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(91)90031-q
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of mechanisms and outcomes for neurobehavioral teratogenesis is critical to our ability to develop therapies to ameliorate or reverse the deleterious effects of exposure to developmental neurotoxicants. We established mechanistically-based complementary models for the study of cholinergic systems in...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.02.001
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal cocaine or nicotine exposure is associated with a variety of teratogenic effects. The current study was conducted to determine their effects alone and in combination on cognitive function and sexual differentiation. Pregnant Long-Evans rats (N = 19) were exposed to either cocaine (15 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. SC on G...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(96)00125-0
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of repeated SC administration of soman on schedule-controlled performance and brain pathology were studied in the rat. Soman suppressed response rates in both components of a multiple fixed interval 50-sec fixed-ratio 25 (mult. FI 50-sec FR 25) schedule of reinforcement, although all animals revealed marke...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(90)90112-p
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumption of the nutrients omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) during pregnancy and lactation is considered beneficial to fetal and infant development. It may also reduce the incidence and severity of preterm births by prolonging gestational length. However several recent human and animal studies have reported that ove...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.10.009
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the reactive responses of both astrocytes and microglia to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum by MPTP. Following MPTP treatment, increased GFAP immunoreactivity reached a peak at 2 days and persisted for at least 6 weeks. Immunoreactivity to vimentin was also markedly increased in astrocytes 48 h...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(94)00048-i
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:This research examines the effects of different degrees of pesticide exposure on neuropsychological performance. Exposures varied from acute poisoning coupled with chronic exposure to low or high levels of chronic exposure (defined by years of exposure). A cross-sectional neuropsychological and biochemical s...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.07.004
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to ethanol during development can lead to a constellation of congenital anomalies, resulting in prenatal and postnatal failure to thrive, central nervous system (CNS) deficits, and a number of patterning defects that lead to defects in the cardiovascular system, facial structures, and limbs. The cellular, bio...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2004.06.016
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of chronic postweaning lead (Pb) exposure in Long-Evans rats on a series of spatial alternation tasks. All tasks were administered in automated testing chambers, with a nosepoke as the critical response. While neither Pb-exposed group (median blood lead levels: 19 and 39 micrograms/dl, ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(95)02026-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interest in, and number of, neurobehavioral test batteries for use in occupational settings has increased markedly over the last decade. While this is a welcome development in furthering the cause for greater acceptance of these methods in hazard evaluation and toxicity testing, there are a number of issues that a...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(90)90015-5
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol exposure on gestational day (GD) 7 in the mouse has previously been shown to result in ventromedian forebrain deficits along with facial anomalies characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). To further explore ethanol's teratogenic effect on the ventromedian forebrain in this mouse model, scanning electron...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2010.11.001
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal exposure to cocaine in rats has previously been shown to alter the behavioral and hormonal responses to acute stressors, although no work has yet examined stress adaptation in these animals in adulthood, a possibility examined in this experiment. Male and female offspring of Sprague-Dawley rat dams given 40 m...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(00)00104-5
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes is known to be one of the risk factors for dementia; however, neuropathic changes in the brain of patients with the disease have not been completely revealed. So in the present study, we investigated the brain function of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ), one of the most commonly used animal...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00220-9
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the potentially harmful long term consequences of prenatal marijuana exposure is important given the increase in number of pregnant women smoking marijuana to relieve morning sickness. Altered executive functioning is one area of research that has suggested negative consequences of prenatal marijuana exp...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2016.05.010
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gestational Toluene Exposure Effects on Spontaneous and Amphetamine-Induced Locomotor Behavior in Rats. Bowen, S.E., Mohammadi, M.H., Batis, J.C., and Hannigan, J.H. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, XX, 2006. The abuse of volatile organic solvents (inhalants) continues to be a major health concern throughout the world....
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.09.027
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monensin, a growth-promoting agent and coccidiostat used in veterinary medicine, was studied in terms of its effects on the development of female rats and their offspring when added to the diet. Young female rats received 100 or 300 ppm monensin mixed with powdered chow diet until adulthood, when they were mated and t...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00012-4
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The postnatal behavioral effects of 0.20, 0.62 and 2.0 mg/kg cadmium chloride administered to pregnant CFY rats on gestational days 7 through 15 were evaluated. Offspring were tested starting on postnatal day 23 on a rotorod for motor coordination, in an open field device for motor activity and emotionality, in a wate...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(90)90130-5
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deltamethrin (DTM) is a type II pyrethroid insecticide that elicits autonomic and neuroendocrine responses that indicate high levels of stress, presumably caused by the neurotoxic effect of the insecticide. This study investigated the effect of DTM exposure (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and an additional stress induced in the forc...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2014.10.001
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposures to hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) have been inconclusively linked to a variety of negative cognitive outcomes. We investigated possible effects on cognitive function in an urban population with chronic, low-level exposure to H2S. METHODS:Participants were 1637 adults, aged 18-65 years from Rotorua cit...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.002
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amitraz is a formamidine pesticide that has been reported to be a neurotoxic compound that induces convulsions among other effects. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission is mediated mainly by glutamate and GABA, respectively, so their alteration could be responsible for induction of seizures. In this regard, ami...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.06.007
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of inhalation exposure to toluene (3700 mg/m3, 1000 ppm, 21 h/day, 5 days/week, during 4 weeks) on male Sprague-Dawley rats was tested. A wide range of test situations was used, including an operant test with baseline performance and extinction, motor coordination, and exploratory activity. All tests were m...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0892-0362(91)90052-x
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A number of studies suggest that Pb exposure increases cardiovascular disease risk in humans. As a potential mechanism for this effect, we recently reported a significant association between early childhood Pb levels and cardiovascular response to acute stress. The current study considers the association betw...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2010.10.001
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that maternal doses of 1 microg/kg or less of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in late gestation can demasculinize and feminize reproductive behavior in male rats. However, it was not known whether coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had similar effects, or whether non-repro...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(00)00094-5
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on the levels of carotid body dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were investigated in 5-day-old rat pups exposed to normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected b.i.d. with ei...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(96)90027-6
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experimental groups and one control group of Long-Evans rats were used to study the combined effects of toluene and ethanol on auditory function. The first experimental group was exposed to toluene vapors (1750 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks), the second one was daily gavaged with a saline solution of ethano...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(97)00093-7
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central nervous system is the principal target of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TRI), and several studies of this volatile solvent have demonstrated effects on learned animal behaviors. There have been few attempts, however, to quantitatively relate such effects to blood or target organ (brain) solvent concentrations. Th...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(97)00096-2
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00