Abstract:
:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the neurotropic human polyomavirus JC (JCV) lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. PML was first described as a complication of lymphoproliferative disorders more than 50 years ago and emerged as a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the 1980s. Despite the ubiquity of this virus, PML is rare and always seen in association with underlying immunosuppressive condition, such as HIV infection, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation. JCV remains quiescent in the kidneys, where it displays a stable archetypal non-coding control region (NCCR). Conversely, rearranged JCV NCCR, including tandem repeat patterns found in the brain of PML patients, have been associated with neurovirulence. The specific site and mechanism of JCV NCCR transformation is unknown. According to one model, during the course of immunosuppression, JCV departs from its latent state and after entering the brain, productively infects and destroys oligodendrocytes. Although the majority of PML cases occur in severely immunesuppressed individuals, PML has been increasingly diagnosed in patients treated with biological therapies such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that modulate immune system functions: in fact, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphopenia, resulting from this immunomodulatory therapy, are the primary risk factor. Furthermore, JCV reactivation in nonpermissive cells after treatment with mAbs, such as intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn's disease patients, in association with other host tumor-inducing factors, could provide valid information on the role of JCV in several malignancies, such as colorectal cancer.
journal_name
J Neuroviroljournal_title
Journal of neurovirologyauthors
Bellizzi A,Nardis C,Anzivino E,Rodìo D,Fioriti D,Mischitelli M,Chiarini F,Pietropaolo Vdoi
10.1007/s13365-012-0080-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-11issue
1eissn
1355-0284issn
1538-2443journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A monocenter observational study was conducted to determine the clinical and virological effects of cidofovir added to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Exposure to other anti-viral drugs or late initiation of cidofovir were exclusion cri...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280152537274
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to involve genetic as well as environmental factors. A complicating aspect to the study of aetiological factors in MS concerns the possible existence of genetically different subtypes of the disease. In addition, a relatively large number of susceptibility genes could...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most natural killer (NK) T cells express an invariant Valpha14 T-cell receptor. To explore the contribution of NKT cells in an animal model for multiple sclerosis, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection, TMEV-infected mice were treated with Valpha14 antibody. Treatment during the early stage of infe...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280802400684
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many major physiological changes occur within the rodent central nervous system (CNS) during the first few postnatal weeks. These include axonogenesis, synaptogenesis and myelination. Concomitant with CNS development over this period, there is a decrease in susceptibility to many neurotropic virus infections in that i...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289709015791
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite common clinical features to suggest encephalitis, different viral encephalitides are known to have some specific clinical features, which if present, may suggest infection by a particular virus. West Nile viral (WNV) encephalitis has not been described with any specific diagnostic feature so far. In this conte...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00733-2
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-dependent poliomyelitis (ADPM) is a virally induced neuroparalytic disease of mice and a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ADPM is triggered in genetically susceptible mice by immunosuppression and infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). Both ADPM and ALS are characterized by progr...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280152403308
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we report a patient who developed diplopia secondary to a right cranial nerve III and IV palsy, as well as fever and headache. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) showed high varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-DNA viral load (>300,000,000 copies/ml). VZV antibodies in CSF was ≥1:16. Diagnosis of neurological reactivati...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-017-0534-z
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An elevated human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load (PVL) is an important risk factor for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), although there is a considerable frequency of asymptomatic carriers (AC) with high PVL in blood. Our objective was to evaluate whether PVL qua...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-018-0632-6
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is characterized by increased apoptosis, gliosis, and oxidative stress in the CNS, as well as a compromised blood-brain barrier. TNF-alpha has been shown to be elevated in AIDS dementia complex brains and may contribute to AIDS dementia complex. To model elevated TNF-alpha in AIDS dementia ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550280009091948
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is chronic myelopathy characterized by slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction. A few biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid are known to be related to disease activity, but no biomarker has be...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00838-z
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neuropathogenesis occurs in a large minority of infected people. Presently, there are neither viral nor cellular markers that predict the development of brain disease during HIV-1 infection. This study was conducted to determine whether there exist systematic diff...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280701510104
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines and their receptors are constitutively present in the central nervous system (CNS), expressed in neurons and glial cells. Much evidence suggests that, beyond their involvement in neuroinflammation, these proteins play a role in neurodevelopment and neurophysiological signaling. The goal of this review is to...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13550280290100932
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) latency-related (LR) gene is inserted into the latency-associated transcript (LAT) locus of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) LAT deletion mutant, high levels of spontaneous reactivation from latency and enhanced pathogenesis occur. The LR gene, but not LAT, inhibits caspase 3...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280490261716
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study is to describe the chronic pain characteristics in individuals infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) per subgroup (asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)) compared with controls with chronic pain withou...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00914-4
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Because interruptions of antiretroviral treatment may entail clinical risks for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, we investigated their impact on neurocognitive functioning. Cross-sectional study was carried out, comparing HIV-infected persons who had interrupted antiretroviral therapy in the pa...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550281003767710
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::FIV is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes a spectrum of diseases that is remarkably similar to the clinical syndrome produced by HIV infection in people. Both HIV and FIV has been shown to cause neurologic dysfunction. Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) cats were placed into one of three groups: FIV-PPR infected; DU-...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289609146904
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the case of a 43-year-old-man with a past medical history of HIV with recently initiated HAART and existing PML that presented with altered mental status. The initial diagnosis was deemed to be PML-IRIS; however, neuroimaging brought into question this diagnosis. Flow cytometry performed from the cerebrospi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00760-z
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human parechoviruses (HPeV) are classified into 14 genotypes. HPeV1 and HPeV2 are the most prevalent genotypes in young children, which have been associated with mild to severe diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of HPeVs in aseptic meningitis and sepsis-like illness in Iran. Viral RNA wa...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-013-0221-7
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to assess lithium safety and tolerability and to explore its impact on cognition, function, and neuroimaging biomarkers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with cognitive impairment. Fifteen cognitively impaired HIV-infected subjects were enrolled in this 10-week ope...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280902758973
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD4+ T cells could be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, provided they can gain entry to the intrathecal compartment. The authors have previously demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid T cells from multiple sclerosis patients recognize autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transform...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280490499524
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) blocks apoptosis and inhibits caspase-3 activation. We previously showed that serum starvation (removal of serum from tissue culture media), which takes several days to induce apoptosis, results in decreased levels of both AKT (protein kinase ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0361-z
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although animal parvoviruses have long been recognized as causes of brain pathology in multiple animal models, especially during early development, human parvoviruses are rarely thought of as neurotropic or causes of neuropathology in humans. However, several recent case reports have suggested possible associations of...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280600827351
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enteroviruses (EV) are responsible for a large number of meningoencephalitis cases, especially in children. The objective of this study was to identify modes of diagnosis including the significance of respiratory and cerebrospinal fluid samples, associated clinical characteristics, inpatient management, and outcome of...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00784-5
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although no longer considered therapeutically beneficial, antiretroviral treatment interruptions (TIs) still occur frequently among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for a variety of reasons. TIs typically result in viral rebound and worsening immunosuppression, which in turn are risk factors ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280802372313
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::JC virus (JCV) is an unique virus, but eight different JCV genotypes and various subtypes have been individuated, with a geographic distribution that has been described in general but still needs to be detailed. To define JCV genotype epidemiology in Italy, the authors collected urine from 211 healthy individuals livi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280390241269
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurocognitive disorders such as dementia and cognitive/motor impairments are among the most significant complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially in aging populations, yet the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Activated macrophages and microglia in white matter along...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-013-0229-z
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important cause of neurologic disease in the context of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is recognized as a cause of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Central nervous system...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550281003735717
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infects the central nervous system of mice and causes a demyelinating disease that is a model for multiple sclerosis. During the chronic phase of the disease, TMEV persists in oligodendrocytes and macrophages. Lack of remyelination has been attributed to insufficient pro...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0402-7
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine hepatitis virus A59 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in CNS demyelination in susceptible strains of mice. In infected B-cell-deficient mice, demyelination not only occurred but was also more severe than in parental C57BL/6 animals. This increase may be due to the persistence of virus in the...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280290049697
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies on the coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia have shown that both X4 and R5 viruses are involved in the process. The disease is associated with enhanced virus replication and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/753312763
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00