Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Investigators planning dose-response studies of neuromuscular blockers have rarely used a priori power analysis to determine the minimal sample size their protocols require. Institutional Review Boards and peer-reviewed journals now generally ask for this information. This study outlines a proposed method for meeting these requirements. METHODS:The slopes of the dose-response relationships of eight neuromuscular blocking agents were determined using regression analysis. These values were substituted for γ in the Hill equation. When this is done, the coefficient of variation (COV) around the mean value of the ED₅₀ for each drug is easily calculated. Using these values, we performed an a priori one-sample two-tailed t-test of the means to determine the required sample size when the allowable error in the ED₅₀ was varied from ±10-20%. RESULTS:The COV averaged 22% (range 15-27%). We used a COV value of 25% in determining the sample size. If the allowable error in finding the mean ED₅₀ is ±15%, a sample size of 24 is needed to achieve a power of 80%. Increasing 'accuracy' beyond this point requires increasing greater sample sizes (e.g. an 'n' of 37 for a ±12% error). CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the results of this retrospective analysis, a total sample size of not less than 24 subjects should be adequate for determining a neuromuscular blocking drug's clinical potency with a reasonable degree of assurance.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Kopman AF,Lien CA,Naguib Mdoi
10.1093/bja/aeq310subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-02-01 00:00:00pages
194-8issue
2eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)33322-6journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have measured the partial pressure of isoflurane simultaneously in inspired gas (PIiso), end-expired gas (PE'iso), mixed-expired gas (PEiso), arterial (Paiso) and mixed venous blood (Pviso) in six patients (aged 57-79 yr) anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane before surgery and after PE'iso had be...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/70.6.605
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have assessed neuromuscular block electromyographically at the gastrocnemius muscle and compared it with that at the abductor digiti minimi muscle in 60 adult patients undergoing cervical spine surgery under general anaesthesia. All patients were in the prone position. After vecuronium 0.2 mg kg-1, times to onset o...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,收录出版
doi：10.1093/bja/82.3.329
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An histaminoid reaction after the administration of thiopentone and atracurium is described. Serial blood sampling showed no evidence of complement activation. Intradermal testing 6 weeks later yielded a positive result with atracurium (1 in 1000), but not with thiopentone. The clinical course of the reaction and the ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.8.811
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored through all phases of enflurane anaesthesia in dental outpatients with a history of cerebral convulsions which had been well controlled with anticonvulsant drugs. Abnormal EEG activity which differed from the background activity was observed in three patients. Their case re...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.10.1029
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The therapeutic potential of cardiac μ-opioid receptors in ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during opioid-modulating diseases, such as heart failure, is unknown. We aimed to explore the changes of cardiac μ-opioid receptor expression during heart failure, and its role in opioid-induced cardioprotection. M...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.110
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Echocardiography has been shown to positively impact on the management of the critically ill patient. However, many published studies have a significant bias towards inclusion of cardiothoracic patients. We present an audit of the impact of echocardiography on the management of patients in a district general...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aen378
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The ability of the third-generation FloTrac/Vigileo software to track changes in cardiac index (CI) induced by volume expansion and norepinephrine in critically ill patients is unknown. METHODS:In subjects with circulatory failure, we administered volume expansion (20 subjects) and increased (20 subjects) o...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aer491
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following a paravertebral surgical incision, mature, female rats under ether anaesthesia were exposed to either 3% nitrous oxide, continuously for 48 h, or 50% nitrous oxide, 4 h each day for 7 days. For each exposure group, a similar number of rats was exposed to atmospheres containing no nitrous oxide. Wound healing...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.6.621
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There has been increasing use of invasive techniques, such as extracorporeal organ support, in intensive care units (ICU), and declining autopsy rates. Thus, new measures are needed to maintain high-quality standards. We investigated the potential of computed tomography (CT)-based virtual autopsy to substitu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.031
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The respiratory effects of a new strong analgesic, meptazinol, were compared with a placebo and with equianalgesic doses of morphine and pentazocine in a double-blind crossover trial in seven healthy volunteers. No significant change in the ventilatory response to rebreathing carbon dioxide was observed after meptazin...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/51.6.497
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have compared the effects of the anaesthetic gases nitrogen and argon on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human blood platelet aggregation with the effects of the non-anaesthetic gas helium. All three gases showed dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation. For nitrogen and argon there was a linear relati...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/64.1.77
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cobra venom consists of a neurotoxin which is responsible for respiratory paralysis simulating that associated with a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. A combination of artificial respiration and neostigmine has been useful in resuscitating a child bitten by a snake. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/49.10.1065
更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a case of lumbar radiculopathy after zygapophyseal joint injections for chronic low back pain. The management of the patient and potential causes for the radiculopathy are discussed. The case acts as a reminder that the spinal nerve roots should be considered when performing intra-articular facet joint injec...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aem178
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Early postoperative negative behaviour in preschool children after general anaesthesia is a common problem. The distinction between emergence delirium (ED) and pain is difficult, but management differs between the two. The aim of the current analysis was to identify individual observational variables that ca...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aev552
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have measured the onset and extent of the miotic effect of morphine and alfentanil in conscious patients. Forty unpremedicated ASA I and II patients were allocated randomly to four groups to receive either i.v. saline (control group), morphine 0.1 mg kg-1, alfentanil 4.0 micrograms kg-1 or a combination of these do...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/65.3.415
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of the ventilatory management of babies, obtained in the first 3 years of a neonatal surgical intensive care unit, are assessed. Overall mortality figures and detailed examination of the cause of death in individual diagnostic groups support a selective approach to intermittent positive pressure ventilatio...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/52.3.273
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have compared the anaesthetic and analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine with that of racemic bupivacaine in 66 male patients undergoing ambulatory primary inguinal herniorrhaphy. Patients were allocated randomly in a double-blind manner to local infiltration anaesthesia (0.25% w/v 50 ml) with either racemic bupivac...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/82.2.280
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Using a carrageenan inflammation rat model, we evaluated two experimental approaches to prolong sciatic nerve block on contralateral hyperalgesia. Method. We performed ipsilateral sciatic nerve block on the inflamed hind paw with bupivacaine-loaded microspheres suspended in dexamethasone (bupivacaine 12.5 mg...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aeh264
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylene blue-treated fresh-frozen plasma (MB-FFP) is mainly used in Europe. The advantage of the methylene blue system is that units can be treated individually. The combined action of methylene blue and illumination is a photodynamic process preventing viral RNA and DNA replication. We report the first immediate al...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aer009
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clevidipine is a new vascular-selective, calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine type with an ester side chain susceptible to esterase metabolism. In healthy volunteers, it has high clearance (0.069 litres min-1 kg-1) with a small volume of distribution at steady state (0.19 litres kg-1). The half-lives of t...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/85.5.683
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review looks at the challenges faced when monitoring patients in the field environment. It is considered from the perspective of the UK Defence Medical Services and their experiences over the past 20 yr. The lessons learned are applicable to many other circumstances where a high standard of care, for a large spec...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/ael136
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma diazepam concentrations were determined following oral, i.m. and i.v. administration to a group of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and a group of normal pregnant women. Diazepam concentrations were greater following oral as compared with i.m. administration in the control group, who received a single 5-mg dos...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/48.11.1091
更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Control measurements of blood flow through and cefoxitin extraction ratios across heart and lungs, liver, kidneys and gut were made under steady-state conditions in awake unrestrained sheep. The studies then were repeated with the same animals anaesthetized with 1.5% halothane or whilst undergoing high thoracic (to ap...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.12.1239
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of morphine were studied during balanced anaesthesia in 10 patients undergoing lower abdominal or body surface surgery, and compared with those obtained in nine awake patients receiving morphine i.v. for the relief of chronic non-cancer pain. All patients received morphine sulfphate pentahydrate 10 mg i.v...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/62.1.22
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have undertaken a prospective, randomized study to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting during intensive care stay after cardiac surgery, and to study the effect of addition of droperidol to an infusion of morphine used for postoperative analgesia. Data from 398 patients were examined. The u...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/77.3.356
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effects of sedation with midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 and reversal with flumazenil 0.5 mg on beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) variability (HRV), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), finger photoplethysmograph amplitude (PLA) and impedence pneumography in eight volunteers. With the onset of sedation there was a ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/76.4.503
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anaesthetic and surgical problems associated with Caesarean section in eight grossly obese patients (weight 150-204 kg) are described. In addition to an increase in the frequency and severity of the complications of obesity, those weighing more than 150 kg present a panniculus which may weigh 70 kg. Extradural ana...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/52.9.919
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A computer-controlled infusion of propofol designed to achieve a target blood concentration of propofol 3 microgram ml-1 was used to investigate the possibility of an interaction between propofol and fentanyl in 32 patients undergoing body surface surgery. In 16 patients who were not receiving a neuromuscular blocker ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/64.2.142
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used the technique of double-blind sequential allocation to quantify the minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) of extradural bupivacaine for women in early (median cervical dilatation 2 cm) and late (median cervical dilatation 5 cm) labour. The first bolus was 20 ml of the bupivacaine test solution. The...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/80.1.11
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to provide good perioperative haemodynamic stability with decreased intraoperative opioid requirements. It may have neural protective effects, and thus may be a suitable anaesthetic adjuvant to neurosurgical anaesthesia. METHODS:Fifty-four patients scheduled for elective...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/ael220
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
