Abstract:
:In multiple sclerosis (MS), one strategy to reduce disability is enhancement of endogenous repair by remyelinating oligodendrocytes derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OP). An important prerequisite is determining the abundance of OP relative to oligodendrocytes in normal human central nervous system (CNS), which, in turn, requires reliable OP identification. To achieve this, cat and human optic nerves (ON) were subjected to varied preparation protocols, and the resultant neuroglial staining profiles correlated to generate an antigenic phenotype for OP applicable to human autopsy specimens. OP, interchangeably called NG2cells due to universal NG2 expression, were shown to comprise a separate class of neuroglial cells, related to oligodendrocytes by expression of the oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factors, Olig1 and Olig2. Despite their morphological complexity, including contact with axons and other neuroglia, NG2cells all appear capable of responding as OP to counter local oligodendrocyte loss. However, quantification revealed that NG2cells comprised less than 5% of the neuroglia and had a ratio to oligodendrocytes of about 1:10, not only in human and cat ON but also in white and gray-matter regions of cat spinal cord. The finding that NG2cells are not abundant, particularly relative to oligodendrocytes, may have implications for efforts to enhance endogenous repair in MS.
journal_name
Gliajournal_title
Gliaauthors
Jennings A,Carroll Wdoi
10.1002/glia.21018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
1425-36issue
12eissn
0894-1491issn
1098-1136journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GLIA文献大全abstract::Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The β1-integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22996
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease often caused by mutation in a gene called NPC1, which results in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the endosomal-lysosomal system. Most studies on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in NPC have focused on neur...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20563
更新日期:2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-Synuclein, a gene whose mutations, duplication, and triplication has been linked to autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (fPD), appears to play a central role in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD (sPD) as well. Enhancement of neurodegeneration induced by mutant alpha-synuclein has been attributed to dat...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20532
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is thought to be hampered by the lesion-induced activation of astrocytes and meningeal cells and the consecutive formation of a glial scar. The substrate properties of reactive astrocytes differ significantly from their neonatal counterparts, which promote axon gr...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199903)26:1<36::aid-glia4>
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes extend thin lamellate processes in the neuropil, in particular around synapses, where they can modulate synaptic function or mediate glial-neuronal communication. Previous studies have shown that these lamellate perisynaptic processes change their shape in response to neuronal activity, but the underlying m...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1120
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is the main cause of neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although extracellular nucleosides, especially adenosine, are well known to protect against neuronal damage in such pathological conditions, the effects of these nucleosides or ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20118
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that cultured astrocytes from neonatal rat cerebral cortex are depolarized by GABA. The underlying ionic mechanism, activation of a Cl- conductance and responses to an agonist and antagonists were found to be similar to those of the neuronal GABAA receptor (Kettenmann et al.: Brain Research 40...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440010205
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our knowledge of astroglia and their physiological and pathophysiological role(s) in the central nervous system (CNS) has grown during the past decade, revealing a complex picture. It is becoming increasingly clear that glia play a significant role in the homeostasis and function of the CNS and that neurons should no ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20213
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) are devastating brain tumors containing a fraction of multipotent stem-like cells which are highly tumorigenic. These cells are resistant to treatments and are likely to be responsible for tumor recurrence. One approach to eliminate GBM stem-like cells would be to force their terminal diff...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22429
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20350
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc finger transcription factors of the Krüppel-class figure prominently in cell fate specification and differentiation in the nervous system. One of the Krüppel-type genes that was originally cloned from an oligodendrocyte library by virtue of its homology with the prototypic Krüppel motif is the rat rKr2 gene (Pott...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1046
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of macroglia required for normal olfactory axonal regeneration throughout the lifetime of an individual. Recent evidence in the literature suggests that OECs transplanted into injured spinal cords may facilitate axonal regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the n...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::RhoGTPases are molecular switches that integrate extracellular signals to perform diverse cellular responses. This ability relies on the network of proteins regulating RhoGTPases activity and localization, and on the interaction of RhoGTPases with many different cellular effectors. Myelination is an ideal place for Rh...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.20752
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelin biogenesis is a complex process involving coordinated exocytosis, endocytosis, mRNA transport, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Although abnormalities of myelin are common in lysosomal storage diseases, our understanding of the role of lysosomes in the formation and maintenance of myelin is still limited. Here, we sh...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21263
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with immune-mediated pathogenesis is frequently associated with enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on resident glial cells, including astrocytes. Recently, a soluble form of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) has been demonstrated within the CNS and cerebrospina...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199802)22:2<103::aid-glia1
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synemin, a very unique type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, exhibits alternative splice variants termed alpha and beta. Unlike other IF proteins, synemin binds to actin-associated proteins, including alpha-actinin, vinculin, and alpha-dystrobrevin. Our previous work has demonstrated the presence of synemin in d...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20158
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are CNS resident immune cells and a rich source of neuroactive mediators, but their contribution to physiological brain processes such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is not fully understood. In this study, we used mice with partial depletion of IκB kinase β, the main activating kinase in the in...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22756
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the role of L-type voltage-gated Ca++ channels in oligodendrocyte development, we used a mouse model of Timothy syndrome (TS) in which a gain-of-function mutation in the α1 subunit of the L-type Ca++ channel Cav1.2 gives rise to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) isolat...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23468
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. To assess its function in astrocyte swelling, we compared astrocyte membrane properties and swelling in spinal cord slices of 8- to 10-day-old wild-type control (GFAP(+/+)) and GFAP-knockout (GFAP(-/-)) mice. Membrane...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1084
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The floor plate (FP), a signaling center and a structure rich in radial glia-like cells, has been traditionally thought to be devoid of neurons and neuronal progenitors. However, in the midbrain, the FP contains neurons of the dopaminergic (DA) lineage that require contact with radial glia-like cells for their inducti...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20654
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitogenic role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its involvement in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation were examined in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Exposure to bFGF resulted in a rapid increase of extracellular S1P formation, bFGF inducing astrocytes to release S1P, but n...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20324
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study describes a method to inhibit selectively the microglial cell proliferation following peripheral nerve injury. Continuous infusion of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) from an osmotic minipump to the fourth ventricle or cisterna magna completely blocks the proliferation of microglial cells that normally o...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440070404
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440120308
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes play an important role in neuroprotective responses. Recent studies indicate that endothelin-1, a neuropeptide upregulated during brain injury, increases levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, a lipid with neuroprotective properties, in astrocytes in primary cultures. However, whether this neuropeptide a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10270
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible consequences of activating bradykinin (Bk) receptors on identified astrocyte subtypes derived from rat cortex have been investigated in terms of: 1) mobilization of intracellular Ca2+; and 2) electrophysiological response. Bk induced a rapid, transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ in 63% of cortical type-1-...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440090405
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the central nervous system. When cultured, these cells express a wide variety of receptors for neurotransmitters. Nonetheless, it has yet to be firmly established that adult astrocytes in situ express receptors for neurotransmitters. In this report the technique of combine...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440020507
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on their typical pattern of membrane currents, four populations of glial cells could be identified in thin brain slices of the postnatal hippocampus. In the present study, we applied the patch-clamp technique to glial cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, which are characterized by a complex pattern of different ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199607)17:3<181::AID-GLIA1
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and their binding proteins (BPs) has been studied in new-born rat astroblasts at confluency in primary culture. Under the influence of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) (acidic and basic), the morphology of the astroblasts was altered, 125I-deoxyuridine incor...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440040405
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that chemokines, specialized regulators of the peripheral immune system, are also involved in the physiology and pathology of the CNS. It is known that glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) express various chemokine receptors like CCR1, -3, -5, and CXCR4. We have investigated the possible...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.10156
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal injury in CNS tissues induces a rapid activation and mobilization of resident microglia (MG). It is widely assumed that changes in gene expression drive the morphological transformation of MG and regulate their mobilization during activation. Here, we used acutely excised neonatal rat brain slices to test whe...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20355
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00