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Physiological correlates of social avoidance behavior in children and adolescents with fragile x syndrome.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether eye-gaze avoidance, a striking phenotypic feature in fragile X syndrome (FXS), is associated with high levels of "hyperarousal" during social interactions with others. To date, almost all studies in this area have been confounded by inclusion of task demands in addition to social demands. METHOD:We monitored the cardiovascular activity and eye-gaze avoidance of 50 boys and girls with FXS aged 5 to 20 years during a 25-minute intensive social interaction session with an unfamiliar experimenter. To control for possible family and genetic factors in cardiovascular activity, we compared each child with FXS with their same-sex typically developing biological sibling. RESULTS:Participants with FXS obtained significantly higher heart rates, lower vagal tone, and lower heart rate variability estimates both at baseline and during the social interaction session compared with their typically developing siblings. Although eye-gaze avoidance occurred at significantly higher levels in the children with FXS, this behavior decreased slightly over the course of the session (a "warm-up" effect) and did not seem to be associated with cardiovascular activity. In the girls with FXS, higher levels of the fragile X mental retardation protein were associated with higher (and more typical) heart rate variability. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are dysregulated in FXS. However, given that prolonged exposure to social demands does not inevitably lead to increased anxiety or "hyperarousal," professionals should not be deterred from providing much needed social skills interventions for individuals with FXS.

journal_name

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

journal_title

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

authors

Hall SS,Lightbody AA,Huffman LC,Lazzeroni LC,Reiss AL

doi

10.1097/CHI.0b013e318195bd15

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-03-01 00:00:00

pages

320-329

issue

eissn

0890-8567

issn

1527-5418

pii

S0890-8567(09)60032-0

journal_volume

pub_type

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Physiological correlates of social avoidance behavior in children and adolescents with fragile x syndrome.