Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the longitudinal course of internalizing and externalizing problems and adaptive/prosocial behaviors among Sierra Leonean former child soldiers and whether postconflict factors contribute to adverse or resilient mental health outcomes. METHOD:Male and female former child soldiers (N = 260, aged 10 to 17 years at baseline) were recruited from the roster of an non-governmental organization (NGO)-run Interim Care Center in Kono District and interviewed in 2002, 2004, and 2008. The retention rate was 69%. Linear growth models were used to investigate trends related to war and postconflict experiences. RESULTS:The long-term mental health of former child soldiers was associated with war experiences and postconflict risk factors, which were partly mitigated by postconflict protective factors. Increases in externalizing behavior were associated with killing/injuring others during the war and postconflict stigma, whereas increased community acceptance was associated with decreases in externalizing problems (b = -1.09). High baseline levels of internalizing problems were associated with being raped, whereas increases were associated with younger involvement in armed groups and social and economic hardships. Improvements in internalizing problems were associated with higher levels of community acceptance and increases in community acceptance (b = -0.86). Decreases in adaptive/prosocial behaviors were associated with killing/injuring others during the war and postconflict stigma, but partially mitigated by social support, being in school and increased community acceptance (b = 1.93). CONCLUSIONS:Psychosocial interventions for former child soldiers may be more effective if they account for postconflict factors in addition to war exposures. Youth with accumulated risk factors, lack of protective factors, and persistent distress should be identified. Sustainable services to promote community acceptance, reduce stigma, and expand social supports and educational access are recommended.
journal_name
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatryauthors
Betancourt TS,Brennan RT,Rubin-Smith J,Fitzmaurice GM,Gilman SEdoi
10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-06-01 00:00:00pages
606-15issue
6eissn
0890-8567issn
1527-5418pii
S0890-8567(10)00286-8journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:Childhood conduct problems are associated with poor functioning in early adulthood. We tested a series of hypotheses to understand the mechanisms underlying this association. METHOD:We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2,232 twins born in England and Wa...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.437
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parental anger can have detrimental effects on children and can contribute to physical abuse. Ego-dystonic anger attacks are an underrecognized psychiatric symptom that occurs in associated with depression, with other psychiatric disorders, and in the absence of comorbid disorders. They are characterized by overwhelmi...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199710000-00019
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The association between depression and educational attainment in young people is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the longitudinal association between depression and subsequent attainment, and its potential effect modifiers and mediators. METHOD:We searched Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed,...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.10.008
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether including children with onset of symptoms between ages 7 and 12 years in the ADHD diagnostic category would: (a) increase the prevalence of the disorder at age 12, and (b) change the clinical and cognitive features, impairment profile, and risk factors for ADHD compared with findings in th...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In their Translations article in the January issue of the Journal, Turban and van Schalkwyk provide a critical evaluation of the recently published literature on co-occurring gender dysphoria (GD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).1 In addition, they refer to this flux in interest as part of a larger increase in publ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.04.022
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study identified psychosocial factors that differentiated 19 adolescent female suicide attempters from 21 demographically similar nonattempters in a low income, urban area. Adolescents and their parents independently completed questionnaires and participated in structured and semistructured interviews. Attempters...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199003000-00020
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:It is unclear whether the structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms seen in adults is preserved in pediatric samples. METHOD:A total of 238 children and adolescents referred to a specialty pediatric OCD clinic were administered the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Chec...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816b73c0
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the impact of a parent education and behavior management intervention (PEBM) on the mental health and adjustment of parents with preschool children with autism. METHOD:A randomized, group-comparison design involving a parent education and counseling intervention to control for nonspecific therap...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000205701.48324.26
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To prospectively assess the prevalence, course, and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) in children after road traffic accidents (RTAs). METHOD:Sixty-eight children (6.5-14.5 years old) were interviewed 4-6 weeks and 12 months after an RTA with the Child PTSD Reaction Index (response rate 58....
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000181045.13960.67
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the contributions of research on nonhuman primates, specifically macaque monkeys, to the understanding of early social stress and its effects on behavior and neurophysiology. METHOD:Review and synthesis of two bodies of work on macaque monkeys and early social manipulation: peer rearing and variabl...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e318193064c
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) have social interaction deficits, delayed communication, and repetitive behaviors as well as impairments in adaptive functioning. Many children actually show a decline in adaptive skills compared with age mates over time. METHOD:This 24-week, three-site,...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.11.010
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article describes the results of a pilot study that evaluated the effectiveness of the Early Intervention Foster Care (EIFC) program in the period immediately following a child's placement in a new foster home. METHOD:Data were collected from an EIFC group, a regular foster care group, and a community c...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-200011000-00009
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review all literature on the nonmedical use (NMU) and diversion of prescription stimulants to better understand the characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of NMU and to review risk-reduction strategies. METHOD:We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS from inception to May 2018 for stud...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.06.012
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the optimal Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) percent reduction cutoffs for predicting treatment response and clinical remission among children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD:Youth with OCD (N = 109; range 7 to 19 years) received 14 sessio...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.04.005
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated factors which were protective to children living in disharmonious homes. The sample was drawn from a representative sample of children aged 9 to 12 who took part in a previous general population study. Semi-structured interviews with both parents were used to assess the quality of the parental ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199001000-00011
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the influence of development and gender on the pharmacokinetics of desipramine (DMI) in the pediatric population. METHOD:DMI pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from 407 routinely drawn, dose- and weight-normalized serum concentrations in 173 youths receiving DMI (90 children, 83 adolescent...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199901000-00023
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined the 7-year outcome of speech/language (S/L) impaired and control children selected from a community sample at age 5 years. METHOD:Two hundred fifteen children completed a variety of speech and language tests at age 12 years. Children with S/L impairment were further classified as "speech ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00004583-199411000-00015
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Because ADHD is heterogeneous with respect to psychiatric comorbidity, familiality, and learning disabilities, it was hypothesized that such features might influence the severity and pattern of neuropsychological function in ADHD. METHOD:Subjects were 9- to 20-year-old males with DSM-III-R ADHD (n = 65) and ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199508000-00011
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This national study examined the practices and perceptions of smoking cessation activities among child and adolescent psychiatrists. METHOD:A random sample of child and adolescent psychiatrists was identified from the membership list of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and was mailed a...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000242246.07797.c3
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Most research on irritability and child psychopathology has focused on depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Less is known about relationships between child anxiety and irritability and moderators of such associations. METHOD:Structural equation modeling (SEM) wa...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.10.007
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Changes in autism diagnostic criteria found in DSM-5 may affect autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence, research findings, diagnostic processes, and eligibility for clinical and other services. Using our published, total-population Korean prevalence data, we compute DSM-5 ASD and social communication disor...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.021
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Stress resilience was assessed in 81 school-age children, from within 32 families acknowledging severe psychosocial stress. Resilient and nonresilient children, identified via competence and behavior disorder measures from school and home, were compared. METHOD:Parents and teachers completed questionnaires a...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199502000-00012
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of a modular cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol relative to treatment as usual (TAU) among children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and clinically significant anxiety. METHOD:A total of 45 children (7-11 years of age) with high-functioning ASD and clinic...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.007
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the familial clustering of affective disorders among first-degree relatives of prepubertal versus adult probands with mood disorders. METHOD:The Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC) assessment instrument was used to obtain data on first-degree relatives of all probands. Logistic re...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00008
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The current trial examined whether a specific cognitive-behavioral treatment package was more efficacious in treating childhood anxiety disorders than a nonspecific support package. METHOD:One hundred twelve children (aged 7-16 years) with a principal anxiety disorder were randomly allocated to either a grou...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819c2401
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The members of the DSM-III-R Advisory Committee responsible for the diagnostic criteria for the disruptive behavior disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder) were able to reach agreement on potential items to be included in the final diagnostic criteria. ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199009000-00003
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Despite increased interest in screening adolescents for mental health problems and suicide risk, little is known regarding the extent to which youth are identified and connected with appropriate services. METHOD:Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 4,509 ninth-grade students were offered screening. We reviewed ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.05.013
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were compared with a control group on a comprehensive assessment battery. More ADHD teenagers had oppositional defiant disorder (68%) and conduct disorder (39%) and were rated as more impaired in social competence, behavioral and emotional adjustment, an...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(10)80010-3
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents by evaluating evidence for the depersonalization/derealization dissociative subtype of PTSD as defined by the DSM-5 and then examining a broade...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.425
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a reliable and valid child and parent self-report instrument to screen children with anxiety disorders. METHOD:An 85-item questionnaire was administered to 341 outpatient children and adolescents and 300 parents. Utilizing item analyses and factor analyses, the original scale was reduced to 38 ite...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00