Abstract:
:Glutamine and leucine are abundant constituents of plant and animal proteins, whereas the content of arginine in foods and physiological fluids varies greatly. Besides their role in protein synthesis, these three amino acids individually activate signaling pathway to promote protein synthesis and possibly inhibit autophagy-mediated protein degradation in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, glutamine and arginine stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 (s6) kinase pathways, respectively, to enhance mucosal cell migration and restitution. Moreover, through the nitric oxide-dependent cGMP signaling cascade, arginine regulates multiple physiological events in the intestine that are beneficial for cell homeostasis and survival. Available evidence from both in vitro and in vivo animal studies shows that glutamine and arginine promote cell proliferation and exert differential cytoprotective effects in response to nutrient deprivation, oxidative injury, stress, and immunological challenge. Additionally, when nitric oxide is available, leucine increases the migration of intestinal cells. Therefore, through cellular signaling mechanisms, arginine, glutamine, and leucine play crucial roles in intestinal growth, integrity, and function.
journal_name
Amino Acidsjournal_title
Amino acidsauthors
Marc Rhoads J,Wu Gdoi
10.1007/s00726-008-0225-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
111-22issue
1eissn
0939-4451issn
1438-2199journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
AMINO ACIDS文献大全abstract::Carnosine is present in high concentrations in skeletal muscle where it contributes to acid buffering and functions also as a natural protector against oxidative and carbonyl stress. Animal studies have shown an anti-diabetic effect of carnosine supplementation. High carnosinase activity, the carnosine degrading enzym...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1165-y
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulated proteolysis plays important roles in cell biology and pathological conditions. A crosstalk exists between apoptosis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, two pathways responsible for regulated proteolysis executed by different proteases. To investigate whether the apoptotic process also affects the 20S protea...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0575-6
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An immunocytochemical investigation of the expression of alpha(1), alpha(6), beta(2/3), gamma(2) and delta subunits was performed on rat cerebellum granule cells in culture by the two photon microscopy technique. The first four subunits appear to be expressed abundantly in these cells, whereas the delta one seems to b...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-003-0006-z
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work proposes a strategy that uses solid-phase peptide synthesis associated with copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition reaction to promote the glycosylation of an antimicrobial peptide (HSP1) containing a carboxyamidated C-terminus (HSP1-NH2). Two glycotriazole-peptides, namely [p-Glc-trz-G1]HSP1-NH2 and...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-017-2441-2
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The TES ether of the C6-hydroxy derivative of naturally occurring epi-jasmonic acid (epi-JA) was designed as epimerization-free equivalent of epi-JA. The TES ether was synthesized from (1R,4S)-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enyl acetate in 13 steps. The acid part of the ether was activated with ClCO2Bui and subjected to condens...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0925-z
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins with polybasic clusters bind to negatively charged phosphoinositides at the cell membrane. In this review, I have briefly discussed the types of phosphoinositides naturally found on membrane surfaces and how they recruit protein complexes for carrying out the process of signal transduction. A large number of ...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1512-2
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protooncogenes (PO) play a crucial role for brain biology and pathology. Only the concerted action of protooncogenes enables normal brain development. The reliable and sensitive quantification of brain PO is still holding centre stage in neurobiological research. The aim of our study was therefore the determination of...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01318881
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoprostanes, non-enzymatic peroxidation products of arachidonic acid, are attractive biomarkers of oxidative stress in research in biology, medicine and nutrition. For the appropriate use of biomarkers it is required that these are both biologically and technically valid. Whereas the biological validity of isoprostan...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-005-0229-2
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine the dose as well as duration of exposure-dependent effects of L-alanyl-L-glutamine, arginine or taurine on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) free alpha-keto acid profiles and, in a parallel study, on PMN immune functions. Exogenous L-alanyl-L-glutamine significantly increa...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-005-0223-8
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the article (Romek et al. 2013) we reported the values of δ15N (‰) and δ13C (‰) obtained by. ...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00726-017-2506-2
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human organism is exposed to numerous processes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS may directly or indirectly cause oxidative modification and damage of proteins. Protein oxidation is regarded as a crucial event in the pathogenesis of various diseases ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to Alzheimer's ...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-005-0203-z
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of amino acids (AA), and their serum concentrations in early weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, 60 pigs were weaned at 21 days of age (BW 7.35 +/- 0...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-008-0142-6
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperargininemia is caused by deficiency of arginase 1, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea as the final enzyme in the urea cycle. In contrast to other urea cycle defects, arginase 1 deficiency usually does not cause catastrophic neonatal hyperammonemia but rather presents with progressive neurologica...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00726-015-2032-z
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::No systematic approach to detect expression of differentiation-related elements was published so far. The undifferentiated N1E-115 neuroblastoma cell line was switched into a neuronal phenotype by DMSO treatment and used for proteomic experiments. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by unambiguous mas...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-005-0256-z
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on previous research with bovine peadipocytes, we hypothesized that infusion of arginine into the abomasum of Angus steers stimulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in bovine subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue, and that this would be attenuated by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Growing Angus stee...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1622-x
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (GDD), which is one of the most frequent organic acid disorders, is characterized by a specific age- and regional-dependent neuropathology. We hypothesized that the distinct brain damage in GDD could be caused by the main pathologic metabolites, the organic acids glutaric (GA) and...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s007260050003
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amino acid networks (AANs) are undirected networks consisting of amino acid residues and their interactions in three-dimensional protein structures. The analysis of AANs provides novel insight into protein science, and several common amino acid network properties have revealed diverse classes of proteins. In this revi...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1710-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early evaluation of cancer response to a therapeutic regimen can help increase the effectiveness of treatment schemes and, by enabling early termination of ineffective treatments, minimize toxicity, and reduce expenses. Biomarkers that provide early indication of tumor therapy response are urgently needed. Solid tumor...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0548-9
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an acetylated derivative of L-aspartate (Asp), and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), a derivative of NAA and L-glutamate (Glu), are synthesized by neurons in brain. However, neurons cannot catabolize either of these substances, and so their metabolism requires the participation of two other ce...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0656-6
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the effect of agmatine (Agm) in proliferation of ovine trophecdoderm cells (oTr1) as well as the importance of the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and agmatinase (AGMAT) alternative pathway for synthesis of polyamines in ovine conceptuses during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Morpholin...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-017-2515-1
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, we observed that central administration of L-arginine attenuated stress responses in neonatal chicks, but the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to this response was minimal. The sedative and hypnotic effects of L-arginine may be due to L-arginine itself and/or its metabolites, excluding NO. To clarify the me...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-007-0617-x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low concentrations of L-homoarginine (hArg) in plasma or serum and urine have recently emerged as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Previously, we reported gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-tandem MS (GC-MS/MS) methods for the quantitative determination of hArg and Arg in plasma, serum, urine and o...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-015-2120-0
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We observed here that acute proline (Pro) administration provoked a decrease (32%) of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in cerebral cortex and an increase (22%) of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in the serum of 29-day-old rats. In contrast, chronic administration of Pro did not alter AChE or BuChE activitie...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-005-0186-9
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Amino acid oxidase cDNA was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction using RNA extracted from the mouse kidney. When digested withHindIII, the cDNAs of the BALB/c and ddY/DAO(-) mice were cleaved into two fragments whereas the cDNA of the ddY/DAO(+) mice was not. Sequencing revealed that nucleotide-471 of the cDNAs ...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00806548
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging evidence from laboratory researches has highlighted the bioactivity of food melanoidins and melanoproteins. Whilst such studies have been carried out with different in vitro systems, information about melanoidins absorption and bio-availability are scarce. However, they are generally considered as poorly abso...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00726-015-1951-z
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide is a small potentially toxic molecule and a diatomic free radical. We report the interaction of L-arginine, oxygen and calcium with the synthesis of nitric oxide in heart mitochondria. Nitric oxide synthesis is increased in broken rat heart mitochondria compared with intact and permeabilized mitochondria....
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-002-0331-7
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis depended to a great extent on the biotransformation characterization of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and process conditions. In this paper, the enhancing effect of D101 macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) on the GABA production was investigated based on the whole-cell biotra...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-020-02850-3
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Properties of putrescine uptake by PotFGHI and PuuP and their physiological significance were studied using a polyamine biosynthesis and uptake deficient Escherichia coli KK3131 transformed with pACYC184 containing potFGHI or puuP. Putrescine uptake activity of E. coli KK3131 transformed with pACYC184-PotFGHI was high...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1517-x
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation sought to examine the contributions of exercise and nutrient replenishment on in vivo regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis components. Eight college-aged males completed three high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols followed by three post-exercise nutritional protoco...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0837-y
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral β-alanine (βA) doses larger than 800 mg commonly result in unpleasant sensory symptoms (paresthesia). However, the association of form (pure vs. slow-release) with side-effects has not been fully described. The aim of this single-blinded, randomized three-arm clinical trial was to compare plasma kinetics and symp...
journal_title:Amino acids
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1169-7
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00