Abstract：
:Molecular medicine enhances the clinician's ability to accurately diagnose and treat disease, and many technological advances in diverse fields have made the translation of molecular medicine to the clinic possible. Nuclear medicine encompasses 2 technologies--single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET)--that have driven the field of molecular medicine forward. SPECT and PET, inherently molecular imaging techniques, have been at the forefront of molecular medicine for several decades. These modalities exploit the radioactive decay of nuclides with specific decay properties that make them useful for in vivo imaging. As recently as the mid-1990s, SPECT and PET were mostly restricted to use in the clinical setting because their relatively coarse spatial resolution limited their usefulness in studying animal (especially rodent) models of human disease. About a decade ago, several groups began making significant strides in improving resolution to the point that small-animal SPECT and PET as a molecular imaging technique was useful in the study of rodent disease models. The advances in these 2 techniques progressed as the result of improvements in instrumentation and data reconstruction software. Here, we review the impact of small-animal imaging and, specifically, nuclear medicine imaging techniques on the understanding of the biological basis of disease and the expectation that these advances will be translated to clinical medicine.
journal_name
Semin Nucl Medjournal_title
Seminars in nuclear medicineauthors
Rowland DJ,Cherry SRdoi
10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.01.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
209-22issue
3eissn
0001-2998issn
1558-4623pii
S0001-2998(08)00023-8journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Malignant endocrine disorders have been an enigma over the last few decades, from genetic, clinical, and imaging perspectives. The detection of the primary tumor and the identification of recurrent disease have been essentially based on various anatomic techniques, with localization procedures extensively developed fo...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snuc.2001.23530
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 7 million stress perfusion studies are performed in the United States annually, 44% with pharmacological vasodilator stress agents. Both adenosine and dipyridamole are nonselective coronary vasodilators that are commonly used for stress perfusion imaging. These agents are safe and provide an effective means ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.12.003
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) was developed in 1976 in a collaboration between scientists at the National Institutes of Health, the University of Pennsylvania, and Brookhaven National Laboratory. It was developed for the specific purpose of mapping brain glucose metabolism in living humans, thereby serving ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/snuc.2002.29270
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The definition of tumor involved volumes in patients with head and neck cancer poses great challenges with the increasing use of highly conformal radiotherapy techniques eg, volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated proton therapy. The risk of underdosing the tumor might increase unless great care is ta...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.07.010
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review is directed at the clinically useful highlights of ultrasound and radionuclide testing in adults with coronary and valvular heart disease, intracardiac shunts, and hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies. As a clinical toto, the radionuclide procedures are currently more useful than ultrasound examina...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(80)80031-6
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) systems are now more and more available for clinical use. PET/MR combines the unique features of MR including excellent soft tissue contrast, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, fMRI and other specialized sequences as we...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computer processing can improve the quality of scintigrams in several ways. It can increase the accuracy with which the image approximates the activity distribution by reversing degradation. It can selectively enhance normal or abnormal structures of interest. It can optimize the use of the display system presenting t...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(78)80036-1
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radioimmunoassay of digoxin is one of the most important services of the nuclear medicine laboratory. Precision and accuracy in the performance of the test are especially critical. A number of commerical kits are available and reliable. Pitfalls to be avoided includelimited availability or delay in performance of ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(75)80010-9
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Holmium microspheres have recently become available in the European market as the third type of microspheres for radioembolization of unresectable liver malignancies. Holmium microspheres come with a dedicated administration system, and since these microspheres contain holmium-166 (166Ho) instead of yttrium-90, unique...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.01.008
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diphosphonate bone scan is ideally suited to assess many global, focal or multifocal metabolic bone disorders and there remains a role for conventional bone scintigraphy in metabolic bone disorders at diagnosis, investigation of complications, and treatment response assessment. In contrast, the role of bone scinti...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.08.002
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of ventricular performance is essential in the diagnosis and long-term management of patients with heart disease. This can be most easily performed clinically using simple tools. When more definitive objective assessment of cardiac function is indicated, the equilibrium gated blood pool study provides relia...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(79)80015-x
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advantage of immunoscintigraphy over autologous leukocyte techniques in the imaging of infection is the simplicity of its use compared with techniques that require the isolation of autologous white blood cells. The advantage over 99mTc- or 111In-labeled nonspecific human immunoglobulin is the excellent target-to-b...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80228-4
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the radiotracer used in the vast majority of positron emission tomography (PET) cancer studies. FDG is a powerful radiotracer that provides valuable data in many cancer types. Normal FDG biodistribution is easily identified. In the PET-only era, physiological uptake provided important...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2010.02.001
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several antineuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been described and two have been used in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy in patients. MoAb 3F8 is a murine IgG3 antibody specific for the ganglioside GD2. Radioiodine-labeled 3F8 has been shown to specifically target human neuroblastoma in patients...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(89)80021-2
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American Board of Nuclear Medicine gave its first certifying examination in 1972 to 1,096 candidates. It was established with the support of the Society of Nuclear Medicine amid considerable conflict involving the American Board of Radiology, the American Board of Internal Medicine, and the American Board of Patho...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(96)80024-9
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurochemical imaging is one of the most established "molecular" imaging techniques. There have been tremendous efforts expended to develop radioligands specific to each neurochemical system. Investigational applications of neurochemical imaging in dementing disorders are extensive. Cholinergic, dopaminergic, and sero...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2003.09.008
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accumulation of radioactive tracer is associated with specific histological changes. Awareness of these changes permits a more specific interpretation of a positive bone scan, especially when correlating the radionuclide image with the plain radiographs. Increased uptake in the flow phase of an imaging study usual...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(97)80003-7
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Up to 25% of the diabetic population is at risk for developing a pedal ulcer. These ulcers serve as a portal of entry for osteomyelitis and overlie more than 90% of diabetic pedal osteomyelitis cases. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis often is overlooked, and imaging studies are an essential part of the evaluation. The m...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.08.006
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in prostate cancer depends on the phase of the disease along the natural history of this prevalent malignancy in men. Incidental high FDG uptake in the prostate gland, although rare, should prompt further investigation with at least a meas...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.07.004
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There seems little doubt that the ability to prepare antibodies with a unique specificity for surface tumor antigens will have a tremendous usefulness in the diagnostic and therapeutics of cancer. This usefulness will be wide-ranged when the antibodies are labeled with radioisotopes as tools for screening for primary ...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(76)80015-3
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of cholescintigraphy to diagnose acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, and biliary leakage dates back to the late 1970s. Today, despite the many advances in imaging instrumentation, radiopharmaceuticals, and methodology over these years, cholescintigraphy still plays an important role in confirming or excl...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(03)00032-1
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radionuclide angiocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging with exercise are valuable methods to assess patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Successful angioplasty results in improvement in ventricular systolic and diastolic function and regional perfusion. Complications of angiopla...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80048-0
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radioimmunotherapy is a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Several monoclonal antibody and radionuclide conjugates, including I-131 tositumomab and Y-90 ibritumomab, have been investigated in clinical trials. Yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, C...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2003.11.001
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of quantitative analysis of planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy are superior to those of visual analysis. The increased sensitivity for detection of coronary artery disease is associated with maintenance of specificity. Consequently, we believe that quantitative analysis is the state-of-the-art for pla...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(85)80043-x
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, the lung has received increasing attention as a metabolic organ. In this role, the lung modulates the composition of the arterial blood by several mechanisms: removing active substances from the plasma, releasing substances into the plasma, temporarily holding substances from circulation, and activating or i...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(86)80016-2
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart failure presents a significant problem in industrialized countries, with a high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, where it is most frequently caused by coronary artery disease. Revascularization in patients with symptomatic heart failure has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Predictors o...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.07.003
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear imaging in the definition of the components of the congenitally enlarged extremity is important in the design of a successful therapeutic regimen. In our series of 32 patients evaluated for primary lymphedema, 85% were determined to have abnormalities that were not purely lymphatic in origin. The multiscintigr...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80112-6
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positron emission tomography (PET) of local cerebral glucose utilization is highly sensitive in detecting epileptogenic regions that correspond to electrographic localization in patients with epilepsy. In medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy for which surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone is a therapeuti...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80119-9
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uneven distribution of ventilation, or ventilation heterogeneity, has been observed in asthma for over 60 years using multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) studies. Ventilation heterogeneity has been known to predict airway hyperresponsiveness (the ability of the airways to constrict too easily and by too much) in a...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.10.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to assess the role of 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy in evaluating postoperative patients, a total of 213 studies were performed in 189 patients over a 3-year time period. Of these, 130 studies were obtained in 125 cases with signs and/or symptoms suggesting postcholecystectomy syndrome. A n...
journal_title：Seminars in nuclear medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0001-2998(82)80027-5
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
