Where and how do anthrax toxins exit endosomes to intoxicate host cells?

abstract：:Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. The principal component of the infectious agent responsible for these diseases appears to be an abnormal isoform of the host-encode...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hill AF,Collinge J

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite being a curable disease, tuberculosis (TB) killed more people in 2009 than during any previous year in history. Progress in TB research has been slow, and remains burdened by important gaps in our knowledge of the basic biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, and its interaction with ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Comas I,Gagneux S

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rumen of sheep and cattle represents a mobile, self-sustaining fermentation system for plant material. Analysis of the rumen flora continues to provide fundamental knowledge of anaerobic microbiology and is now yielding microbial genes that have potential in biotechnology. Recent research has provided fascinating ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Flint HJ

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Key skills such as communication and critical thinking are essential for today's microbiology graduate. There are many opportunities within the undergraduate curriculum to help students to use, develop and appreciate their own unique set of skills. This article describes personal experiences of research-led teaching a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Verran J

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent observation of a surge in human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) prompts the question of whether cessation of smallpox vaccination is driving the phenomenon, and if so, why is re-emergence not universal throughout the historic geographic range of the virus? Research addressing the vir...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Reynolds MG,Damon IK

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer progression begins when malignant cells colonize adjacent sites, and it is characterized by increasing tumor heterogeneity, invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. Clinically, progression is the most relevant stage in the natural history of cancers. A given virus is usually regarded as oncogenic because of ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Elgui de Oliveira D,Müller-Coan BG,Pagano JS

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis is of huge importance as it underpins the success of coral reefs, yet we know very little about how the host cnidarian and its dinoflagellate endosymbionts communicate with each other to form a functionally integrated unit. Here, we review the current knowledge of interpartner mo...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rosset SL,Oakley CA,Ferrier-Pagès C,Suggett DJ,Weis VM,Davy SK

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses encode membrane-associated glycoproteins that direct the initial stages of virus infection. These usually oligomeric structures bind virions to cell surface receptors and, subsequently, direct fusion of viral membranes with cellular membranes. These structures are also the primary targets of neutrali...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Morrison TG

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectacular ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to immortalize and morphologically transform human B cells in vitro to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) is central to most molecular models of viral oncogenesis. However, binding of transcription factor and oncoprotein c-Myc to the major locus control region (LCR) of...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Niller HH,Salamon D,Banati F,Schwarzmann F,Wolf H,Minarovits J

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to Candida albicans, but Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, designated as non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC), have been identified as frequent human pathogens. Moreover, Candida biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significan...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Araújo D,Henriques M,Silva S

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how asymmetries in cellular constituents are achieved and how such positional information directs the construction of structures in a nonrandom fashion is a fundamental problem in cell biology. The recent identification of determinants that self-assemble into macromolecular complexes at the bacterial cel...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bergé M,Viollier PH

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectacular failure of the existing bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in recent tuberculosis-control trials has prompted a search for potential replacements. Imaginative approaches currently under development include the modulation of BCG by the production of auxotrophic mutants or cytokine-secreting recombina...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Orme IM

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Gram-negative bacteria, type II secretion (T2S) is one of five protein secretion systems that permit the export of proteins from within the bacterial cell to the extracellular milieu and/or into target host cells. An analysis of numerous sequenced genomes now reveals that T2S genes are common, but by no means unive...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Cianciotto NP

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-positive bacterial lipoproteins are a functionally diverse and important class of peripheral membrane proteins. Recent advances in molecular biology and the availability of whole genome sequence data have overturned many long-held assumptions about the export and processing of these proteins, most notably the rec...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hutchings MI,Palmer T,Harrington DJ,Sutcliffe IC

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the fact that dengue is one of the most prevalent viral infections of humans, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain uncertain. Evolutionary studies of dengue virus have revealed that its genetic diversity is increasing. This, coupled with evidence that viral strains could naturally differ in v...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Holmes EC,Burch SS

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptation of rhizobia to a symbiotic life style and synthesis of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus are coordinated with nodule development by the microaerobic conditions prevailing in the central nodule tissue. Sensing and transduction of the "low oxygen' signal involves similar regulatory elements in different rhizobia,...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Fischer HM

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major goal in microbiology is to understand the processes by which bacteria successfully colonize host tissue. Although a wealth of studies focusing on pathogenic microorganisms has revealed much about the rare interactions that result in disease, far less is known about the regulation of the ubiquitous, long-term, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ruby EG,McFall-Ngai MJ

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian immune system includes a sophisticated array of antimicrobial mechanisms. However, successful pathogens have developed subversive strategies to detect, modulate, and/or evade immune control and clearance. Independent disciplines study host immunology and bacterial pathogenesis, but interkingdom signaling...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gestal MC,Whitesides LT,Harvill ET

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal gene transfer can provide bacteria with new functions that confer an important competitive advantage, and is therefore likely to affect the dynamics of bacterial ecosystems. Two studies by Wolfe et al. and Bonham et al. prepare the way to study this hypothesis in a model ecosystem with reproducible properti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van de Guchte M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As plastic debris in the environment continues to increase, an emerging concern is the potential for microplastic to act as vectors for pathogen transport. With aquaculture the fastest growing food sector, and microplastic contamination of shellfish increasingly demonstrated, understanding any risk of pathogen transpo...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bowley J,Baker-Austin C,Porter A,Hartnell R,Lewis C

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to different virulent phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes the worms an excellent model for studying host-pathogen interactions. Including the recently described liquid killing, five different killing assays are now available offering superb possibilities for performi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Utari PD,Quax WJ

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent studies have provided the most complete screen for protein complexes in yeast to date, in which partners were identified for approximately half of the proteome. A comparison shows that these two datasets are complementary. In addition, one of the analyses points to a modular organization of the cellular pro...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gagneur J,David L,Steinmetz LM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial pathogens possess a diversity of weapons that disrupt host homeostasis and immune defenses, thus resulting in the establishment of infection. The best-characterized system mediating bacterial protein delivery into target eukaryotic cells is the type III secretion system (T3SS) expressed by Gram-negative bact...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pinaud L,Sansonetti PJ,Phalipon A

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The forms of African trypanosomes that live in tsetse fly vectors are coated with lipid-anchored proteins and glycoproteins known collectively as procyclins. Procyclins are expressed during development in the fly in a multiplicity of isoforms yet their functions remain unknown. Recent studies involving a multidiscipli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pearson TW

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial type IV pilus (T4P) is a versatile molecular machine with a broad range of functions. Recent advances revealed that the molecular components and the biophysical properties of the machine are well conserved among phylogenetically distant bacterial species. However, its functions are diverse, and include a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Maier B,Wong GCL

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deeper understanding of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) should help in the design of new antibacterial agents. Over several decades, a variety of biochemical assays have been applied to bulk bacterial cultures. While some of these bulk assays provide time resolution of t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Choi H,Rangarajan N,Weisshaar JC

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-component systems are characterized by phosphotransfer reactions involving histidine and aspartate residues in highly conserved signalling domains. Although the basic principles of signal transduction by these systems have been elucidated, several important aspects, such as their integration into more complex cell...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Perraud AL,Weiss V,Gross R

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification and quantification of the proteins that a whole organism expresses under certain conditions is a main focus of high-throughput proteomics. Advanced proteomics approaches generate new biologically relevant data and potent hypotheses. A practical report of what proteome studies can and cannot accompli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kolker E,Higdon R,Hogan JM

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal growth, development and pathogenicity require hyphal tip growth, which is supported by polar exocytosis at the expanding growth region. It is assumed that molecular motors transport growth supplies along the fibrous elements of the cytoskeleton, such as microtubules, to the hyphal apex. Recent advances in live-...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Steinberg G

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Researchers now recognize the importance of the coral microbiome, but they often overlook other species that live on corals and influence coral-microbe interactions. These 'interstitial associates' should be incorporated into the metaorganism concept for insights into how facilitations between associates, corals, and ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ainsworth TD,Renzi JJ,Silliman BR

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00