A review of land-use regression models for characterizing intraurban air pollution exposure.

abstract：:The C9 alkylbenzenes, composed mostly of ethyltoluenes and trimethylbenzenes, comprise 75-90% of the naphtha fraction of crude oil. Occupational and environmental exposure to C9 alkylbenzenes occur via inhalation. We conducted short-term inhalation studies on the ethyltoluene isomers (2-, 3- or 4-) to select one isome...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Roberts GK,Willson CJ,Olivera DS,Malarkey DE,Morgan DL

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to characterize the respiratory effects of single and repeated controlled exposures to clean warm humid and cold dry air in a new model of anesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea pigs, and to compare findings with known effects in humans. Intratracheal air (T(tr)) and retrotracheal t...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Hälinen AI,Pennanen AS,Salonen RO

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to allergens typically secrete chemokines to recruit eosinophils. Persistent inflammation and repair responses result in airway remodeling and irreversible airflow limitation. House dust mite (HDM) is a common allergen causing allergic disorders. Thioredoxin (TRX) is a redox protein ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Chuang CY,Chang CH,Huang YL

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intent of this article is to review the comparative nonneoplastic pathological responses (inflammation, fibrosis, and epithelial proliferation) of rats, hamsters, mice, and monkeys to low-toxicity dusts (TiO(2), carbon black, talc, coal-mine dust, and diesel particulate). The paucity of information on some of thes...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Donaldson K

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In February 2006, an IARC Monographs Working Group reevaluated the carcinogenic hazards to humans of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc, which belong to the group of poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles. The review of the relevant literature and the evaluations by the Working Group will be published in Volume ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Baan RA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article addresses the importance of blood pressure as a covariate in studies of long-term associations between air quality and mortality. We focus on a cohort of about 50,000 U.S. veterans who had been diagnosed as hypertensive at some time and whose survival rates were predicted by blood pressure (BP) and ambien...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Lipfert FW,Perry HM Jr,Miller JP,Baty JD,Wyzga RE,Carmody SE

更新日期：2003-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may cause cardiotoxicity. The natriuretic peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-BNP, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide), are endogenous cardiac hormones that may be secreted upon myocardial stress. The aim of this s...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Davutoglu V,Gunay N,Kocoglu H,Gunay NE,Yildirim C,Cavdar M,Tarakcioglu M

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Several experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the neurological adverse effects caused by exposure to air pollution, specifically in relation to pollutant particulate matter (PM). The objective of this study was to investigate the direct effect of PM in increased concentrations in diffe...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Fagundes LS,Fleck Ada S,Zanchi AC,Saldiva PH,Rhoden CR

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:High malaria burden has led to the increased use of insecticides in the tropics and subtropics. This study thus aimed at assessing the hematological effects alteration of pyrethroid insecticide exposure using the experimental animal model. OBJECTIVE:A commonly available Electric Mosquito-Repellent Liquid pyret...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Al-Damegh MA

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This research describes a novel "minitower" dry powder delivery system for nose-only delivery of dry powder aerosols to spontaneously breathing rats. METHODS:The minitower system forces pressurized air through pre-filled capsules to deliver aerosolized drug to four nose ports; three of which house spontaneousl...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Sellers S,Horodnik W,House A,Wylie J,Mauser P,Donovan B

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is tied to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially among those with prior cardiac injury. The mechanisms and pathophysiological events precipitating these outcomes remain poorly understood but may involve inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia an...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Carll AP,Haykal-Coates N,Winsett DW,Hazari MS,Ledbetter AD,Richards JH,Cascio WE,Costa DL,Farraj AK

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between fine particles (PM₂.₅) levels and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure (CHF) in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CHF and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period 2006-2010. The relative risk of ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Hsieh YL,Tsai SS,Yang CY

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonhuman primates are often the animal models of choice to study the infectivity and therapy of inhaled infectious agents. Most animal models for inhaled infectious diseases use aerosol/droplets generated by an atomization technique such as a Collison nebulizer that produces particles in the size range of 1 to 3 micro...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Cheng YS,Irshad H,Kuehl P,Holmes TD,Sherwood R,Hobbs CH

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common but important air pollutant. Micronuclei (MN) in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of mouse bone marrow and the ratio between organ and body weight of treatment mouse were determined and analyzed in vivo in order to study injury of sulfur dioxide inhalation on organs and germ plasm ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ruan A,Min H,Meng Z,Lü Z

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1999 Berry published a model for mesothelioma incidence following fiber exposure. He concluded, that the influence of the solubility of fibers on the mesothelioma rate is 17 times higher in humans than in rats. This conclusion may be helpful for evaluating the carcinogenic risk from man-made vitreous fibers, but it...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Rödelsperger K

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nano-sized particles (NSPs) have a diameter of less than 100 nm. When inhaled, they preferentially deposit in the deeper lung, where pulmonary surfactant covers the thin aqueous lining layer. Thus, pulmonary surfactant is the initial contact where NSPs impinge. This can lead to various consequences. For example, bindi...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Schleh C,Hohlfeld JM

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An original mathematical model describing particle diffusion in human nasal passages is presented. A unique feature of the model is that it combines effects of both turbulent and laminar flows. To account for turbulence, concentration equations written in cylindrical coordinates are first simplified by a scaling techn...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Martonen TB,Zhang Z,Yue G,Musante CJ

更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well documented that inhalation of sulfur mustard causes injury of the respiratory system. While all of the reports and surveys thoroughly document long-term pulmonary effects after significant exposure to mustard, there is no direct evidence that addresses the issue of long-term respiratory effects in individua...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ghanei M,Fathi H,Mohammad MM,Aslani J,Nematizadeh F

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial growth in moisture-damaged buildings has been associated with respiratory health effects, and the spores of the mycotoxin producing fungus Aspergillus versicolor are frequently present in the indoor air. To characterize the potential of these spores to cause harmful respiratory effects, mice were exposed via...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Jussila J,Komulainen H,Kosma VM,Nevalainen A,Pelkonen J,Hirvonen MR

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory animals exposed to methyl iodide (MeI) have previously demonstrated lesions of the olfactory epithelium that were associated with local metabolism in the nasal tissues. Interactions of MeI in the nasal passage may, therefore, alter systemic toxicokinetics. The current study used unrestrained plethysmographs...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： DeLorme MP,Himmelstein MW,Kemper RA,Kegelman TA,Gargas ML,Kinzell JH

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies have shown associations between acute ambient particulate matter (PM) levels and increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported in 24 healthy adults that exposure to concentrated ambient particles plus ozone (CAP + O(3)) caused a mean decrease of 0.09 mm in brach...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Urch B,Brook JR,Wasserstein D,Brook RD,Rajagopalan S,Corey P,Silverman F

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coal mine dust's possible carcinogenicity has recently drawn attention because of the IARC review of quartz, some new epidemiological data in German coal miners, and findings on other poorly soluble, nontoxic dusts in the rat. The aim of this study was to investigate persistent inflammation and tumor response in the r...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Borm PJ,Höhr D,Steinfartz Y,Zeitträger I,Albrecht C

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Provisional Advisory Level (PAL) protocol was applied to estimate inhalation exposure limits for phosgene (CG). Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures fo...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Glass D,McClanahan M,Koller L,Adeshina F

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information on nasal particle deposition is used in risk assessments for exposure to airborne particulate pollutants and for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. Monkeys are commonly used to assess the therapeutic potential of inhaled substances and to a lesser extent the toxicity of inhaled xenobiotics. Y...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kelly JT,Asgharian B,Wong BA

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were exposed for a single 3 h period to air, ozone (O₃) or O₃) followed by tobacco smoke (O₃/TS). For pulmonary effects, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and fluid were analyzed. Data revealed a significant increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), total protein and albumin ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Bhoopalan V,Han SG,Shah MM,Thomas DM,Bhalla DK

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study aims to investigate the negative effects of chronic exposure to isoflurane on spermatogenesis and explore the underlying mechanisms. Sixty male rats were randomly allocated to two groups: control group, receiving no treatment, and anesthesia group, administrated exposure to isoflurane (2 ppm) for 25 consecu...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ding Y,Yu J,Qu P,Ma P,Yu Z

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies suggest that diabetics may be more susceptible to the adverse health effects from exposure to high ambient concentrations of ozone, the primary oxidant gas in photochemical smog. While increased morbidity and mortality from ozone inhalation has been linked to disruption of normal cardiovascular...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ying Z,Allen K,Zhong J,Chen M,Williams KM,Wagner JG,Lewandowski R,Sun Q,Rajagopalan S,Harkema JR

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A subchronic, nose-only inhalation study compared the effects of mainstream smoke from a 1R4F research cigarette to that of a 2R4F research cigarette. Male and female rats were exposed for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 13 wk to mainstream smoke at 0, 0.06, 0.20, or 0.80 mg wet total particulate matter per liter of air. Clin...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Higuchi MA,Sagartz J,Shreve WK,Ayres PH

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the interest attendant to establishing an 8-h ozone (O(3)) federal air quality standard, acute pulmonary function responses to prolonged (6.6 to 8 h) O(3) exposure between 0.08 and 0. 24 ppm have been examined in chamber studies. Given time constraints for O(3) concentration changes in room-sized chambers a...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Adams WC

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This 3-mo inhalation study investigated the biological effects of a special-purpose glass microfiber (E-glass microfiber), the stone wool fiber MMVF21, and a new high-temperature application fiber (calcium-magnesium-silicate fiber, CMS) in Wistar rats. Rats were exposed 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 3 mo to fiber aerosol con...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Bellmann B,Muhle H,Creutzenberg O,Ernst H,Müller M,Bernstein DM,Riego Sintes JM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00