Abstract：
:Extended spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid mediated, TEM and SHV derived enzymes, first isolated in Western Europe in mid 1980s, most commonly in Klebsiella spp., followed by Escherichia coli. These enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing broad spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and imipenem. In addition, ESBL producing organisms exhibit coresistance to many other classes of antibiotics resulting in limitation of therapeutic option. Several risk factors have been suggested. A variety of classification schemes have been developed. Recently, Bush-Jacoby-Medeiros scheme integrated functional and molecular characteristics. ESBLs have serine at their active site and attack the amide bond in the lactam ring of antibiotics causing their hydrolysis. Because of inocolum effect and substrate specificity their detection is a major challenge. Two indicators of ESBLs are eight fold reduction in MIC and potentiation of the inhibitor zone of third generation cephalosporin in the presence of clavulanic acid. Incidence of these organisms is being continuously increasing through out the world with limited treatment alternatives. It becomes necessary to know the prevalence of these organisms and to formulate treatment policy. Moreover, restricted use of the third generation cephalosporins lead to withdrawal of selective pressure and use of lactam and -lactamase inhibitor combinations may exert reverse mutation on these enzymes.
journal_name
Indian J Med Microbioljournal_title
Indian journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Chaudhary U,Aggarwal Rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
75-80issue
2eissn
0255-0857issn
1998-3646journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:The Western Blot test is considered a gold standard test for the confirmation of an ELISA and/or rapid assay screened reactive sample in the diagnosis of HIV infection, especially in the low risk population. In this study, an indigenously developed HIV W. Blot kit (J.Mitra & Co., New Delhi, India) was compared ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An ocular cysticercosis case of a 42-year-old male, who presented with anterior uveitis is being reported. Microscopical examination of the cyst revealed presence of only one hooklet suggestive of T. solium cysticercus. Mitochondrial DNA analysis confirmed it to be T. solium cysticercus of Asian genotype. This is the ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.167319
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outbreak of food poisoning due to Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden ( S.weltevreden ) involving 34 students has been reported from a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. The symptoms developed 8-10 hours, after consuming a non- vegetarian dish, probably fish, from an outside caterer. The identity of the orga...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.53211
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa is a cell-free collagen matrix that has demonstrated its ability as a scaffold material. Transplantation poses special hazards because grafted tissues and organs transmit pathogens efficiently, especially viruses. Rotavirus is thought to be confined to the intestine, causing acute d...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.49430
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humanity has been at the receiving end of many viral diseases since ages. Sudden emergence and re-emergence of new viral diseases in human beings has surprised the medical scientists from time to time. "Avian influenza" or "Bird flu" by H5N1 epidemics is one such surprise. Although many aspects about this disease are ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pneumonia is a preventable cause of mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonising the nasopharynx of healthy children can cause invasive diseases and the serotype distribution of colonisation isolates should be an indicator of invasive disease, antibiotic resistance profiles, and potential vacci...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_15_347
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fusarium is an emerging human opportunistic pathogen of growing importance, especially among immunosuppressed haematology patients due to an increased incidence of disseminated infections over the past two decades. This trend is expected only to continue due to the advances in medical and surgical technologies that wi...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_24
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate a nitrate reductase assay (NRA) for the direct detection of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 100 smear-positive sputum samples. The NRA results were compared with the reference proportion method for 100 sputum specimens for which comparable results wer...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.71816
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over a five year period, stool samples were screened for Vibrionaceae from cases of acute diarrhoea, to study their isolation rate and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. All the isolates were identified by standard laboratory techniques. A total of 323 species belonging to Vibrionaceae were isolated from 4492 st...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to explore baseline data, laboratory and molecular analyses to determine if any could serve as potential prognostic marker(s) for treatment response to second line tuberculosis regimens. Of a total number of 50 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients starting second-line drug MDR-...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.118899
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paragonimiasis is a foodborne parasitic zoonosis caused by lung fluke species of the genus Paragonimus. The Paragonimus westermani is the most common human pathogen in Asian countries. In northeast India, Paragonimus heterotremus has been documented as the only human pathogen in the earlier literature. In India, P. we...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.150950
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a rare infection caused by filarial worms of the genus Dirofilaria. The parasites are transmitted to man by mosquitoes and the infection is manifested as subcutaneous nodules. Excision of the lesion is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Hereby we report three cases of human subcutane...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.71836
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Biochemical or nucleic acid based diagnostic techniques for MAC infection are unsatisfactory. This study aims to identify and evaluate M. avium secretory protein(s) of diagnostic potential, so as to develop a rapid and simple method for diagnosis of MAC infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Initially, a specific pro...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.66478
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disseminated cryptococcosis mainly occurs in patients with impaired cell mediated immunity. We present a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a non-HIV patient with nephrotic syndrome who never received immunosuppression. Cultures of bone marrow aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and histology of skin lesions we...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.25209
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers are expanding the applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine since mid-2000. These technologies include nanoarrays, protein arrays, nanopore technology, nanoparticles as a contrivance in immunoassays and nanosensors, among others. Nanobiotechnologies are clinically applicable and possess the p...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 社论,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of our study was to compare various laboratory diagnostic methods, namely histopathological examination, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain, AFB culture by conventional Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) method and fluorescence-based mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) technique and polymerase chain reaction (PC...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.90173
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The present study was undertaken to analyse the trend in prevalence of culture-positive typhoid fever during the last decade and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from patients of enteric fever presenting to our hospital. Methods:All the c...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_412
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a form of atypical pneumonia that apparently originated in Guangdong Province of the People's Republic of China in late 2002. This first came to the world's attention in late February 2003, and has since spread worldwide. As of June 23rd 2003, the disease had been reported f...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brevibacteria are a part of the normal skin flora and may be dismissed in blood cultures as contaminants. They have been reported as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. We report a catheter-related bloodstream infection with Brevibacterium casei in a 6-year-old child with aplastic anaemia. Treatment...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type：
doi：10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_292
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlamydia trachomatis is currently recognized as one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogen and a major cause of perinatally acquired infection. Vertical transmission of infection from mother to the infant may result in the development of conjunctivitis and pneumonia. The study was conducted with the aim of ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the risk factors, microbiological features, clinical features and other epidemiological characteristics of Nocardia keratitis seen at a tertiary eye care centre in south India. METHODS:We evaluated 31 patients with Nocardia keratitis seen over two years, from September 1999 to September 2001. Corn...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Gonorrhoea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) in developing countries and is a global health problem. AIMS:To analyze the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates over the years, in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN:The stu...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.148374
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are potential vaccine candidates. OBJECTIVE:The aim was to study the influence of iron levels on CFPs and assess the immuno-protective potential of defined antigenic fractions from high (8 μg Fe/mL) and low iron (0.02 μg Fe / mL) cultures of M. ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.99495
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histoid leprosy is a variant of lepromatous leprosy, which develops as a result of resistance to dapsone monotherapy. Here we report two cases of lepromatous leprosy of histoid type, one with typical and another with atypical presentations. ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.31069
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Invasive candidiasis is a life-threatening complication of critically ill immunocompromised patients with high attributable mortality. Due to non-specific clinical presentation, early detection of candidemia and accurate identification of Candida species are essential pre-requisites for improved therapeutic outcome. S...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.99482
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injection abscess is an iatrogenic infection occurring as an isolated case or as cluster outbreak. These infections occur due to contaminated injectables or lapse in sterilisation protocol. While pathogens such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, and S. aureus are the usual causative agents, unusual organisms such as...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Out of 210 faecal samples collected from children below 5 years attending different hospitals in Jammu and exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea, 41.9% samples were found positive for group A rotavirus by RNA-PAGE. Escherichia coli isolated in the study belonged to nine serogroups, out of which O69 was most frequent,...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.124308
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate, the efficacy of BACTEC 460 TB system for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. METHODS:We compared 12,726 clinical specimens using BACTEC 460 TB system and conventional method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over a period of six years. RESULT:The ...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.31059
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis accounts for up to 4% of acute pericarditis and 7% cases of cardiac tamponade. Prompt treatment can be life saving but requires accurate diagnosis. We report a case of 30-year-old male who presented with fever, chills, and dry nonproductive cough since one month. The case was diagnosed by radiological fin...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, location and type of katG mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients in Belarus. Forty two isoniazid-resistant isolates were identified from sputum of 163 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility testing was det...
journal_title：Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4103/0255-0857.40528
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
