Abstract:
:A consistent framework has been developed for measuring health disparities and making comparisons across indicators with regard to the public health goals of Healthy People 2010. Disparities are measured as the percent difference from the best group rate, with all indicators being expressed in terms of adverse events. The 10 largest health disparities for each of five US racial and ethnic groups are identified here. There are both similarities and differences in the largest health disparities. New cases of tuberculosis and drug-induced death rates are among the largest health disparities for four of the five racial and ethnic groups. However, drug-induced death is the only indicator among the 10 largest disparities that is shared by both Black and White non-Hispanic populations.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Keppel KGdoi
10.1093/aje/kwm044subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
97-103issue
1eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwm044journal_volume
166pub_type
杂志文章abstract::High-fiber diets are associated with improved lipid profiles. However, pre- and postmenopausal women respond differently to fiber intake, suggesting that endogenous estradiol mediates the effect. The authors' objective was to determine the direct effect of fiber intake on lipoprotein cholesterol levels independent of ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq388
更新日期:2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Four random samples representing populations at low (volunteer blood donors), intermediate, (VD clinic patients), high (family contacts of chronic antigen carriers) and very high (male homosexuals) risk of exposure to HBV were surveyed. Among HBsAg and anti-HBs negative individuals an average of 3.3% were found to be ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112298
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors compared US motor vehicle and motorcycle mortality rates during periods when each of several alcohol-related laws were in effect with mortality rates during other periods. During the period 1980-1997, there were 792,184 deaths due to motor vehicle crashes and 63,052 deaths due to motorcycle crashes. An est...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf186
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol consumption habits as recorded on health checkup questionnaires by 91,659 white, black, or Oriental men and women were studied. Substantial age, sex, and race differences in alcohol consumption were reported. Generally, men drank more than women, drinking was most prevalent among whites and least prevalent amo...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112388
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of connective tissue disease in a four-county area in southeastern Georgia. Interviews with 44 cases and 88 controls were conducted in September and October of 1986. The association with a family history of these disorders was reconfirmed, and a positive asso...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115348
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a retrospective study among 4,734 women who served in the US military in Vietnam (Vietnam cohort), 2,062 women who served in countries near Vietnam (near-Vietnam cohort), and 5,313 nondeployed US military women (US cohort) to evaluate the associations of mortality outcomes with Vietnam War service. Vetera...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt319
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of the Journal, Van Ewijk et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(8):729-736) report intriguing associations between prenatal exposure to the religious month of Ramadan and body anthropometry among adult Muslims in Indonesia. They categorized prenatal exposure according to the relative timing of Ramadan and the...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt024
更新日期:2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Blood pressure later in life has been inversely associated with birth weight. However, concerns have been raised about whether this association merely reflects common environmental risk factors for both fetal growth restriction and high blood pressure or whether there is a genetic tendency to give birth to small babie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.8.779
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, 1-4 per 1,000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear, but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations, and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methy...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj285
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin B12 (hereafter referred to as B12) deficiency in pregnancy is prevalent and has been associated with both lower birth weight (birth weight <2,500 g) and preterm birth (length of gestation <37 weeks). Nevertheless, current evidence is contradictory. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of indivi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kww212
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The point prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) in a sample of 1,113 healthy Greek children and adolescents 0-19 years old was estimated by radioimmunoassay. The overall anti-HAV prevalence was 8.7%; it increased from almost zero among children less than four years of age to 16.3% in adolescents 15-19...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113937
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of maternal risk factors in the development of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was studied in a historical cohort of 825 women who gave birth at the University of California (Los Angeles) Medical Center during a one-year period (April 1983-March 1984). The roles of demographic factors, reproductive history, ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114831
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erectile dysfunction is a common problem, affecting more than half of all men between the ages of 40 and 70 years. The authors' goal was to quantify the prevalence of concomitant erectile dysfunction and active depression among patients seen in a general medical setting between September 1998 and September 1999. Simpl...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf142
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomized field trial was conducted in Tecumseh, Michigan, to test the efficacy of virucidal nasal tissues in interrupting transmission of respiratory agents in the household. In the double-blinded trial, 296 households were stratified by household size and randomly assigned to the group using treated tissues and t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115011
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have examined the role of endogenous sex hormones in breast cancer, and to the authors' knowledge, only two have done so prospectively. The authors report here the results of a prospective study based on an available bank of previously analyzed plasma collected in 1972-1974 from 442 women aged 50-79 years ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116228
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary protein may help prevent age-related declines in strength and functional capacity. This study examines the independent relationship between dietary protein and longitudinal changes in physical functioning among adults participating in the Framingham Offspring Study from examination 5 (1991-1995) to examination...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy014
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a cohort of 849 infants with an asthmatic sibling, the authors examined the relations of exposure to allergens (dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog), nitrogen dioxide, and mold with symptoms of wheeze and persistent cough in the first year of life (1998-2000). Among infants whose mothers had physician-diagnosed asth...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg148
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used full-system-estimation instrumental-variables simultaneous equations modeling (IV-SEM) to examine physical activity relative to body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) using 25 years of data (1985/1986 to 2010/2011) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 5,115; a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww010
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular lymphoma (FL) risk is strongly associated with germline genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. Cigarette smoking has been suggested to increase FL risk, primarily among women. We hypothesized that amino acids in HLA-antigen D-related β1 subunit (DRB1) interact with smoking in FL risk, ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww118
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Risk factors for fibroadenoma were examined in a case-control study involving 117 fibroadenoma cases ascertained by a major private pathology laboratory in Adelaide, Australia, between January 1983 and October 1985. For each case a population control was randomly selected from the electoral roll in Adelaide and matche...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116278
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several design options available in the planning stage of case-control studies are examined. Topics covered include matching, control/case ratio, choice of nested case-control or case-cohort design, two-stage sampling, and other methods that can be used for control selection. The effect of potential problems in obtain...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116398
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that women with a family history of breast cancer run a higher risk of breast cancer than do women without a family history. The evidence, however, is less clear regarding a possible association between a family history of breast cancer and risk of second primaries. The purpose of this prospecti...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116566
更新日期:1992-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether use of electric blankets, one of the largest sources of electromagnetic field exposure in the home, is associated with the risk of female breast cancer, the authors analyzed data from a population-based US case-control study. The 2,199 case patients were under age 55 years and had been newly dia...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009681
更新日期:1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Analgesic use may reduce ovarian cancer risk, possibly through antiinflammatory or antigonadotropic effects. The authors conducted a population-based, case-control study in Washington State that included 812 women aged 35-74 years who were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2005 and 1,313 contro...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn082
更新日期:2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have reported associations between airborne particles and/or ozone and hospital admissions for respiratory disease. This study examined whether such an association could be seen in Birmingham, Alabama, one of the few cities in the United States with daily monitoring of inhalable particles. Daily counts...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117048
更新日期:1994-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Menstrual cycle characteristics may reflect underlying endocrine patterns that influence the risk of breast cancer. Most previous studies of menstrual function and breast cancer risk have used retrospective reports of menstrual bleeding, which may be unreliable. To examine this association, the authors conducted a mai...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117208
更新日期:1994-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant. Although experimental evidence suggests that TCDD alters thyroid hormone levels in rodents, human data are inconsistent. In 1976, a trichlorophenol plant exploded in Seveso, Italy. Women living in highly exposed areas were followed t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu160
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the resulting loss of information, continuous exposure variables are often categorized in epidemiologic data analysis. It has been shown that nondifferential measurement error of exposure can lead to differential misclassification under these circumstances. This paper extends these findings to the misclassific...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116877
更新日期:1993-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Left-truncated and interval-censored data, termed dynamic cohort data, arise in longitudinal studies with rolling admissions and only occasional follow-up. The authors compared four approaches for analyzing such data: a constant hazard model; maximum likelihood estimation with flexible parametric models; the midpoint ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.4.366
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer rates are often compared between counties or other geographic units as a method of testing for risk from environmental exposures. Migration between geographic areas greatly reduces the sensitivity of this method. Under simplifying assumptions the quantitative effect of migration on risk estimates is shown using...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112885
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00