Abstract:
:Worldwide, 1-4 per 1,000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear, but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations, and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR). Using a case-parent-triad design, the authors investigated whether the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, and maternal periconceptional folic acid supplement use, influenced risk of isolated clubfoot. Three hundred seventy-five United Kingdom case-parent triads were recruited in 1998-1999. Among the children, there was a significant trend of decreasing clubfoot risk with increasing number of T alleles: relative risk for CT vs. CC = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.57, 0.97; relative risk for TT vs. CC = 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.91; p trend = 0.006. This association was not modified by maternal folic acid use. Maternal MTHFR genotype did not influence clubfoot risk for the offspring overall, although a possible interaction with folic acid use was found. This is the first known report of a specific genetic polymorphism associated with clubfoot. The direction of the association is intriguing and suggests that DNA synthesis may be relevant in clubfoot development. However, clubfoot mechanisms are poorly understood, and the folate metabolism pathway is complex. Further research is needed to elucidate these relations.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Sharp L,Miedzybrodzka Z,Cardy AH,Inglis J,Madrigal L,Barker S,Chesney D,Clark C,Maffulli Ndoi
10.1093/aje/kwj285subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-11-01 00:00:00pages
852-61issue
9eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwj285journal_volume
164pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A seroepidemiologic study of prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was simultaneously done in four populations: group I, nuns working as nurses or school teachers; group II, women admitted to a upper socioeconomic private hospital; group III, women admitted to a lower socioeconomic county hospital, and group...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112168
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied the intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, and vitamins C and E in relation to the incidence of lung cancer. For 561 men from the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands, dietary history information was obtained in 1960, 1965, and 1970. During 1971-1990, 54 new cases of lung cancer were identified. ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009113
更新日期:1997-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although missing outcome data are an important problem in randomized trials and observational studies, methods to address this issue can be difficult to apply. Using simulated data, the authors compared 3 methods to handle missing outcome data: 1) complete case analysis; 2) single imputation; and 3) multiple imputatio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr302
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for cancers of the mouth and pharynx (oral cancer), but the differential risks by beverage type are unclear. In this 1992-1995 study, the authors examined oral cancer risk in Puerto Rico, comparing alcohol intake among 286 male cases aged 21-79 years and 417 population-based ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg055
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Data derived from laboratory investigations suggest that a number of dietary variables may contribute to bladder carcinogenesis. Although bladder cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in men in the United States, dietary studies are few. The authors examined the relations between intakes of macro- and micronutr...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/152.12.1145
更新日期:2000-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted blood pressure screening on the Navajo Indian reservation in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Six hundred forty Navajos over 19 years of age were surveyed at various sites. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in Navajo men and women did not show as great increases wit...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112686
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors that influence circulating sex hormones, such as physical activity, have been proposed to influence ovarian cancer risk; however, results from previous epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. The authors examined the association among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and ovarian cancer risk in the ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj098
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Male drivers sustained relatively more serious motorcycle collision injuries than did male passengers, female drivers, or female passengers. For male drivers, severity of injury was related to age. The relative frequency of serious head injury was highest for drivers not wearing helmets who were involved in collisions...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112137
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible relation between the occurrence of brain tumors in children and exposure to electric blankets or electrically heated water beds was investigated in a multicenter, population-based case-control study conducted on the West Coast of the United States. Information on maternal exposure during pregnancy or dire...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008688
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, the authors present an objective system to evaluate interviewer performance for use in epidemiologic studies. With this quality control system, all study interviews are audio-taped, and a random sample of interviews are coded according to interviewer behaviors, such as whether the interviewer asked the ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117192
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in the United States have indicated that maternal first trimester smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus mutations are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and that a synergistic effect of these two risk factors occurs. Based on a Danish case-control study of CL...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009799
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Random digit dialing is commonly used to select controls for epidemiologic studies. The traditional method of random digit dialing entails screening households to obtain a pool of eligible subjects and then selecting a random sample to serve as controls. Two random digit dialing methods are described in which househol...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114869
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varies considerably and may be influenced by factors such as age, smoking, number of male partners per year, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count. The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be the dominant factor...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009160
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) (chromosome 1p13.3) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) (22q11.2) code for cytosolic enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mu and GST-theta, respectively, which are involved in phase 2 metabolism. Both genes may be deleted. There is geographic and ethnic variation ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010124
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While time-series studies have consistently provided evidence for an effect of particulate air pollution on mortality, uncertainty remains as to the extent of the life-shortening implied by those associations. In this paper, the authors estimate the association between air pollution and mortality using different times...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg087
更新日期:2003-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that bone mineral density (BMD) is related to risk of breast cancer in elderly women. This study investigated whether the level of breast cancer risk associated with BMD in women with a positive family history of breast cancer is different from that in women without a family history of br...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009554
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) but an increased risk of other causes of morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether there is an upper limit to a protective effect of alcohol intake on CHD risk. Whether there is a U- or an L-shaped relation between alcohol ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009303
更新日期:1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Human brucellosis in Florida is documented for the 47-year period 1928-1975. Of the 936 cases reported in 1930-1975, more than half (505) occurred in the decade 1940-1949. The incidence declined rapidly to an average rate of five cases per year, although there was an increase in 1974 and 1975. The analysis is mainly c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112380
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distributions of diseases in human populations so that we may identify ways to prevent and control disease. Although this definition broadly serves us well, I suggest that in recent decades, our discipline's robust interest in identifying causes has come at the expense of a ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt172
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinovirus infections in Seattle families with schoolchildren (1975-1979) and in selected outpatients were revealed by virus shedding or antibody rise. These observations extend those in the Seattle Virus Watch (1965-1969). Analysis of rhinovirus serotype prevalence again revealed certain "common" persisting serotypes...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114166
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early-onset cannabis use is widespread in many countries and might cause later onset of depression. Sound epidemiologic data across countries are missing. The authors estimated the suspected causal association that links early-onset (age <17 years) cannabis use with later-onset (age > or =17 years) risk of a depressio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq096
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Night-shift work involving disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with breast cancer risk. A role in prostate cancer is also suspected, but evidence is limited. We investigated the association between night-shift work and prostate cancer incidence in the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study (PROtEuS), a ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz167
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated the association between intrauterine growth and intellectual disability (ID). The appropriateness of intrauterine growth was assessed using percentage of optimal birth weight, a measure that accounts for gestational age, maternal height, parity, and infant sex. Using population-based record li...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm245
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because body fat distribution has been recognized as a disease risk factor, practical methods for the measurement of body girths are needed. In two groups of postmenopausal women aged 55-69 years in the upper midwestern United States, the authors examined the reliability and accuracy of self-measurement by mail questi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115027
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic epidemiology represents a hybrid of epidemiologic designs and statistical models that explicitly consider both genetic and environmental risk factors for disease. It is a relatively new field in public health; the term was first coined only 35 years ago. In this short time, the field has been through a major e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww001
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the impact of cumulative neighborhood risk of psychosocial stress on allostatic load (AL) among adolescents as a mechanism through which life stress, including neighborhood conditions, may affect health and health inequities. They conducted multilevel analyses, weighted for sampling and propensity...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws185
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis genotyping data are frequently used to estimate the proportion of tuberculosis cases in a population that are attributable to recent transmission (RT). Multiple factors influence genotype-based estimates of RT and limit the comparison of estimates over time and across geographic units. Additionally, metho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv121
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between standardized cancer mortality rate ratios from 1969-1978 and dietary practices was examined in an ecologic study of the 24 counties of Sweden by means of several independent data sources. The study supports the hypothesis that a high intake of cereal fiber protects against colorectal cancer (r ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114789
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cohort of 3,916 Swedish copper smelter workers employed for at least 3 months between 1928 and 1967 was followed up through 1981. Arsenic exposure was estimated for different time periods at each workplace within the smelter. Detailed job records were linked to the exposure matrix, thus forming individual cumulative...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116128
更新日期:1991-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Associations of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous chemicals used in stain- and water-resistant products, with adverse birth outcomes may be confounded by pregnancy hemodynamics. We measured plasma concentrations of 4 PFAS in early pregnancy (median length of gestation, 9 weeks) among 1,...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx332
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00