Abstract：
:The genes glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) (chromosome 1p13.3) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) (22q11.2) code for cytosolic enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mu and GST-theta, respectively, which are involved in phase 2 metabolism. Both genes may be deleted. There is geographic and ethnic variation in genotype frequencies for both genes. In developed countries, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer. Colorectal cancer has been inconsistently associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diet and tobacco. Because GST enzymes are involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism, it has been postulated that genotype may modify colorectal cancer risk associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. No consistent associations between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype and colorectal cancer have been observed. However, most studies have methodological limitations. Few have investigated gene-environment interactions. No interactions between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype and smoking and colorectal cancer risk have been reported. One polyp study suggests an interaction between GSTM1 genotype and smoking. Two studies suggest increased disease risk in subjects with high meat intake and GST nonnull genotype, contrary to the underlying hypothesis. One study suggests a strong inverse relation between colorectal adenomas and broccoli consumption, particularly in subjects who are GSTM1 null. These finding require confirmation. Methods for determining GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype are well established. Population testing is not currently justified.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Cotton SC,Sharp L,Little J,Brockton Ndoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010124subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
7-32issue
1eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
151pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A population-based case-control study was conducted from 1985 to 1989 in western Washington State to assess the relation between nutrients and the incidence of colon cancer in men and women aged 30-62. A food frequency questionnaire was used to document the usual diet 7 years before diagnosis for 424 cases and at a si...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116851
更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have investigated associations between offspring size at birth and parental cardiovascular disease mortality among 12,086 mothers and 6,936 fathers of participants in the British 1958 birth cohort. Birth weight was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in both mothers a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm054
更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous reports have shown that peptic ulcer mortality follows birth cohorts. To the authors' knowledge, temporal variation in ulcer incidence has not been studied. Therefore, they present incidence data for a defined area of western Norway where 1,312 patients born between 1845 and 1975 were treated for ulcer perfor...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117519
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiologic approach to causal inference (i.e., Hill's viewpoints) consists of evaluating potential causes from the following 2, noncumulative angles: 1) established results from comparative, observational, or experimental epidemiologic studies; and 2) reviews of nonepidemiologic evidence. It does not involve st...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt223
更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of occupational 60 Hz magnetic field and ambient light exposures on the pineal hormone, melatonin, were studied in 142 male electric utility workers in Colorado, 1995-1996. Melatonin was assessed by radioimmunoassay of its metabolite, 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS), in post-work shift urine samples. P...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009914
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women was investigated in a population-based case-control study conducted in Adelaide, Australia during 1982-1984. Cases were identified through the South Australian Central Cancer Registry, and, for each case, one age-matched control was selected...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115122
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors used a transgenerational data set of Illinois vital records to ascertain the relation between parental birth weights and infant birth weight. The infant generation consisted of all African Americans and whites born in Illinois during 1989-1991. The parent generation included the mothers and fathers who wer...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009197
更新日期：1997-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The ratio of cancer occurrence among smokers compared to nonsmokers has been generally reported to be greatest for carcinomas arising in the lung and larynx. This report presents the results of an investigation into mechanisms underlying the temporal trends in the incidence of these two forms of cancer in Scotland ove...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114585
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence suggests a role for progesterone in ovarian cancer development. Progesterone exerts its effect on target cells by interacting with its receptor. Thus, genetic variations that may cause alterations in the biologic functions of the progesterone receptor can potentially contribute to individual susceptibility to...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi064
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The analysis of the combined effects of nutritional factors with other putative disease determinants in log-linear or logistic models is methodologically complicated by the strong multicollinearity between nutritional factors, resulting in poor precision in estimating the parameters. Furthermore, the generally used mu...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117572
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A statistic, Q, based on the ranks of the estimated probabilities of disease is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of regression models used with dichotomous dependent variables in epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. The pitfalls of R2 are discussed, and the proposed statistic is compared...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112718
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk of death during the first year of life due to external causes, such as unintentional injury and homicide, may be higher among twins and higher-order multiples than among singletons in the United States. We used national birth cohort linked birth-infant death data (2000-2010) to evaluate the risk of infant mortali...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww119
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cohort study of neonatal mortality (N = 106) in white singleton births (N = 14,486) in Utah for January-June 1975 was conducted. Using membership and activity in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon) as a proxy for parental health practices, i.e., tobacco and alcohol abstinence, differentia...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113438
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Death rarely results from only one cause, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. Multiple cause-of-death data files can list as many as 20 contributing causes of death in addition to the reported underlying cause of death. Analysis of multiple cause-of-death data can provide information on associations between ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm037
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) and change in body silhouette on asthma risk, the authors investigated a cohort of women participating in the E3N Cohort Study in France from 1990 to 1993. The authors identified 372 incident cases of asthma among 67229 women aged 40-65 years ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg131
更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen dramatically over the past 50 years. In the search for new risk factors, blood transfusions have been investigated and shown to be associated with subsequent lymphoma in some studies. The authors tested this association in a population-based, case-control study c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.8.725
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors studied the intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, and vitamins C and E in relation to the incidence of lung cancer. For 561 men from the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands, dietary history information was obtained in 1960, 1965, and 1970. During 1971-1990, 54 new cases of lung cancer were identified. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009113
更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although erectile dysfunction is frequently seen in patients with manifestations of arteriosclerotic disease, the independent contribution of serum cholesterol in predicting erectile dysfunction is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between serum cholesterol and erectile dysfunction. Medical hi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117181
更新日期：1994-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurements of neighborhood exposures likely vary depending on the definition of "neighborhood" selected. This study examined the extent to which neighborhood definition influences findings regarding spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers among youth. We defined spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers (i.e., t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt251
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, the authors use the rubric of "coarsened data," of which missing and censored data are special cases, to motivate the elicitation and use of expert information for performing sensitivity analyses of censored event-time data. Elicited information is important because observed data are insufficient to est...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn265
更新日期：2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible relation between the occurrence of brain tumors in children and exposure to electric blankets or electrically heated water beds was investigated in a multicenter, population-based case-control study conducted on the West Coast of the United States. Information on maternal exposure during pregnancy or dire...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008688
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be an important component of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. It remains unclear, however, whether the importance of the CD4 lymphocyte count is such that individuals who have been infected for widely different lengths of time, but for whom the CD4 lymph...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116789
更新日期：1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Senile macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual loss in the United States, England, and probably many other industrialized countries. The clinical manifestations of this disease include: drusen, atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal neovascu...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113624
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory bowel disease refers to a group of chronic diseases of unknown etiology related to both genetic and environmental factors. In this 1990-1993 study, the authors investigated associations between the content and quality of drinking water and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. They used data from a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn218
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether genetic and familial factors influence the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Two cohorts were formed based on data from 1,212,295 men aged 18 years who were conscripted for military service in Sweden during 1972-1996. The first comprised 4,260 twin...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa060
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have investigated the effects of parental smoking patterns on the pulmonary function of children in East Boston, Massachusetts. A crude inverse dose-response relationship was observed between the level of FEF25--75% predicted of children who never smoked and the number of smoking parents in the household. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112783
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine whether intakes of wine, beer, spirits, and total alcohol are associated with the risk of common cold, in 1998-1999 the authors analyzed data from a cohort study carried out in a population of 4,272 faculty and staff of five Spanish universities. Usual alcohol intake was assessed at baseline by means of a s...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.9.853
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A community sample made in the fall of 1972 in Durham County, North Carolina, and that consisted of 331 persons 65 years of age and older was assessed for adequacy of social support along three parameters: roles and available attachments, perceived social support, and frequency of social interaction. This approach to ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113351
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors investigated timing and trajectories of fetal growth in relation to childhood development in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Scandinavian Study of Successive Small-for-Gestational Age Births (1986-1988) (n = 1,059). Fetal size was assessed by ultrasound at 17, 25, and 33 gestat...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp296
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Strategies involving 14 sources were used to locate 230 parents of sudden infant death syndrome infants who died in Southern California between 1989 and 1992 and 255 parents of healthy, living infants matched by birth hospital, birth date, race and sex. The sample consisted of adults of reproductive age residing in So...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008859
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
