Abstract：
:Progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varies considerably and may be influenced by factors such as age, smoking, number of male partners per year, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count. The loss of CD4 lymphocytes is known to be the dominant factor in the progression to AIDS. However, it is unclear whether the effect of the CD4 lymphocyte count is of such importance that persons with similar CD4 cell counts who have been infected for widely different lengths of time have the same risk of AIDS. While a CD4 count is easily obtainable, the precise amount of time since HIV infection is in most circumstances difficult to assess. In the present analysis, 259 Danish and 245 American homosexual men were followed for up to 14 years from 1981 to 1995. Two hundred and one persons seroconverted during the study period, and 112 had developed AIDS before the end of follow-up. CD4 lymphocyte count was highly correlated with the risk of developing AIDS (p < 0.001), but AIDS risk was not affected significantly by either age at infection, smoking, or number of male partners per year (p > 0.20 in all cases). Controlled for CD4 lymphocyte count, time since seroconversion was significant in explaining the risk of AIDS (p = 0.018), with a lower risk being seen during the first 3 years after seroconversion but no effect thereafter. These data confirm the central importance of CD4 lymphocyte level in the progression of HIV disease to AIDS, and suggest that rapid progression within 3 years of infection may be related to factors other than CD4 cell count.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Begtrup K,Melbye M,Biggar RJ,Goedert JJ,Knudsen K,Andersen PKdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009160subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
629-35issue
7eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The authors examined the associations of hostility measured in adulthood with subsequent body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) assessed at 4 time points over a 19-year period (1985-2004) in a United Kingdom cohort study. A total of 6,484 participants (4,494 men and 1,990 women) aged 35-55 years at baseline ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn333
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large health care databases are used extensively for pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Unique methodological issues arise when applying self-controlled designs (i.e., using within-person comparisons) for active surveillance of newly marketed drugs. We use 3 examples to illustrate bias related to population-level exposure...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu162
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:From 1968 to 1977, the association between the level of vitamin A in serum and the subsequent incidence of cancer was examined in a longitudinal study of 36,265 persons initially aged 15-99 years in 25 population groups in Finland. During a mean follow-up of 8 years, 766 cancers were diagnosed. Serum retinol, retinol-...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115728
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since a positive association between blood pressure and plasma glucose level in child populations has been observed previously, we studied this relationship in a stratified random sample of children ages 7-15 years drawn from a total geographic population. We stratified this population (N = 3524) by diastolic blood pr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113103
更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A standard approach to analysis of case-cohort data involves fitting log-linear models. In this paper, we describe how standard statistical software can be used to fit a broad class of general relative rate models to case-cohort data and derive confidence intervals. We focus on a case-cohort design in which a roster h...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwy223
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administrative health databases have been used to monitor trends in infective endocarditis hospitalization related to non-prescription injection drug use (IDU) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code algorithms. Because no ICD code for IDU exists, drug dependence and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) have been...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa207
更新日期：2020-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the role of parenteral and sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, we studied seronegative intravenous drug users recruited from 25 drug dependence treatment centers in northern Italy. All attending intravenous drug users were asked for their consent and screened for antibodies to human immuno...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116275
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Childhood blood pressure (BP) is a strong predictor of later risk of cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have assessed dynamic BP trajectories throughout the early-life period. We investigated the relationship between early-life factors and systolic BP (SBP) from infancy to adolescence using linear spline mix...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwz181
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen dramatically over the past 50 years. In the search for new risk factors, blood transfusions have been investigated and shown to be associated with subsequent lymphoma in some studies. The authors tested this association in a population-based, case-control study c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.8.725
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Between September 1979 and March 1980, distinguishing features between fatal and nonfatal cases of diarrhea caused by the same etiologic agents were sought in a case-control investigation of Cuna Indian children living on the San Blas Islands located off Panama's Caribbean coast. The eight fatal cases of diarrhea (fou...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114039
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors evaluated the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease from the date of seroconversion to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death among 362 well-documented seroconverters. The participants were homosexual men in hepatitis B vaccine trials in Amsterda...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116951
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A seroepidemiologic study of prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was simultaneously done in four populations: group I, nuns working as nurses or school teachers; group II, women admitted to a upper socioeconomic private hospital; group III, women admitted to a lower socioeconomic county hospital, and group...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112168
更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between anesthetic gas exposure and spontaneous abortion remains unresolved. We examined the effect of nitrous oxide on spontaneous abortion among female dental assistants. Questionnaires were sent to 7,000 dental assistants aged 18-39 years who were registered in California in 1987; 4,856 (69%) responded...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117468
更新日期：1995-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraabdominal fat (IAF) area is often measured indirectly in epidemiologic studies. The authors recruited 147 participants from the second examination (1990-1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study to examine IAF area and determine whether there were differences in IAF area and distribution by location....
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj049
更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors evaluated whether early enrollment affects the significance of the results and the time to completion and publication of randomized controlled trials. Seventy-seven efficacy randomized controlled trials (total enrollment, 28,992 patients) initiated by the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.9.873
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mortality experience of 8679 members of a metal trades union--men employed in shipyards, metal fabrication shops, small boat yards, and field construction--was studied from 1950 to 1976 by the historical prospective method. Relative to rates for US men of comparable age and race, the risk of death from all causes ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The associations of intakes of calcium and vitamin D with colorectal cancer risk were examined in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (Hawaii and Los Angeles, California). In 1993-1996, 85,903 men and 105,108 women aged > or =45 years completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A total of 2,110 incident cases of c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk069
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, especially folate, calcium, iron, and antioxidant vitamins, affect the risk of colorectal neoplasia. The objective of this case-control study was to examine the association between these micronutrients and the risk of colorectal adenomas. The study was based on 236 cases wit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008871
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dosemeci et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132:746-8) gave examples in which nondifferential misclassification of exposure reversed the direction of a trend. Gilbert (Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134:440-1) proposed that these examples occurred because the errors in exposure were systematic, and she pointed out that the relation b...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117283
更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that paternal occupational exposures to pesticides and solvents increase the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. With the use of Texas livebirth, fetal death, and linked livebirth-death records, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 1981-1986 Texas births to exam...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115526
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study involved direct observation of the differences in utilization of medical care by smokers, nonsmokers, and former smokers. A household interview survey conducted in 1970-1971 obtained detailed information about the smoking patterns of 2,582 adult members of the Northwest Kaiser Permanente health maintenance ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114187
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sizes at birth of parents and their children are known to be correlated, reflecting in part the influence of fetal and maternal genes. Sociodemographic factors, regarded as aspects of the shared environment across generations, would also be expected to contribute, but evidence is limited. In the present study, the aut...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr032
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential survival associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was evaluated in a cross-country study using four population-based IDDM cohorts from Japan (n = 1,374), Israel (n = 610), Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (n = 995), and Finland (n = 5,144). For the purpose of this cross-country comparison,...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The receiver operating characteristic curve is a commonly used tool for evaluating biomarker usefulness in clinical diagnosis of disease. Frequently, biomarkers being assessed have immeasurable or unreportable samples below some limit of detection. Ignoring observations below the limit of detection leads to negatively...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk011
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ambient levels of particulate matter have been linked to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms mediating these associations are poorly understood. One candidate mechanism is inflammation. Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2002), the authors investigated the relation between exposure to p...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj186
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among men of Japanese ancestry, there is a gradient in the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is lowest in Japan, intermediate in Hawaii, and highest in California. This gradient appears not to be completely explained by differences in dietary intake, serum cholesterol, blood pressure or smoking. To test t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112296
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data derived from laboratory investigations suggest that a number of dietary variables may contribute to bladder carcinogenesis. Although bladder cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in men in the United States, dietary studies are few. The authors examined the relations between intakes of macro- and micronutr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/152.12.1145
更新日期：2000-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerosis and thrombosis may lead to cognitive impairment through cerebral infarcts or white matter hyperintensities. Oxidative stress is now seen as a major contributor to the process of atherogenesis. High intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., linoleic acid, or low intake of antioxidants can increase ox...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009029
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhinovirus infections in Seattle families with schoolchildren (1975-1979) and in selected outpatients were revealed by virus shedding or antibody rise. These observations extend those in the Seattle Virus Watch (1965-1969). Analysis of rhinovirus serotype prevalence again revealed certain "common" persisting serotypes...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114166
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distributions of diseases in human populations so that we may identify ways to prevent and control disease. Although this definition broadly serves us well, I suggest that in recent decades, our discipline's robust interest in identifying causes has come at the expense of a ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt172
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
