Effect of early patient enrollment on the time to completion and publication of randomized controlled trials.

abstract：:Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease among children worldwide. The authors aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among Navajo children in the southwestern United States. Active population-b...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： O'Brien KL,Shaw J,Weatherholtz R,Reid R,Watt J,Croll J,Dagan R,Parkinson AJ,Santosham M

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This longitudinal study examines the transition to adulthood in a randomly sampled, community-based cohort of adolescents. The study compares young adult outcomes of 33 adolescents with and 148 adolescents without psychiatric disorder. After adjustment for differences in age, gender, and social class, adolescents with...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vander Stoep A,Beresford SA,Weiss NS,McKnight B,Cauce AM,Cohen P

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A case-control study investigated the relation between cigarette smoking and histologic subtypes of adult leukemia in Missouri in 1984-1990. Among males, elevated risks associated with ever smoking were observed for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.0) and acute m...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brownson RC,Chang JC,Davis JR

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic-a new signal-detection method-can evaluate whether any of a wide variety of health outcomes are temporally associated with receipt of a specific vaccine, while adjusting for multiple testing. Neither health outcomes nor postvaccination potential periods of increased ris...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Yih WK,Maro JC,Nguyen M,Baker MA,Balsbaugh C,Cole DV,Dashevsky I,Mba-Jonas A,Kulldorff M

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, the focus of research on cardiovascular risk factors has broadened because of new data demonstrating benefits of low risk (i.e., favorable) levels of all major modifiable risk factors. Most data on low risk relate to coronary heart disease, not stroke. This population-based, 12-sample, Italian study (Progett...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Giampaoli S,Palmieri L,Panico S,Vanuzzo D,Ferrario M,Chiodini P,Pilotto L,Donfrancesco C,Cesana G,Sega R,Stamler J

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza-like illness data are collected via an Influenza Sentinel Provider Surveillance Network at the state level. Because participation is voluntary, locations of the sentinel providers may not reflect optimal geographic placement. The purpose of this study was to determine the "best" locations for sentinel provid...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Polgreen PM,Chen Z,Segre AM,Harris ML,Pentella MA,Rushton G

更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Explanations for the low prevalence of atherosclerosis in Japan versus the United States are often confounded with genetic variation. To help remove such confounding, the authors compared coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, between Japanese men in Japan and Japanese men in Haw...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Abbott RD,Ueshima H,Rodriguez BL,Kadowaki T,Masaki KH,Willcox BJ,Sekikawa A,Kuller LH,Edmundowicz D,Shin C,Kashiwagi A,Nakamura Y,El-Saed A,Okamura T,White R,Curb JD

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several human populations in California were surveyed cross-sectionally and longitudinally for neutralizing antibodies to selected arthropod-borne bunyaviruses in the California and Bunyamwera serogroups. Overall, the prevalence of antibodies to California serogroup viruses was 6.4% in 702 individuals sampled during 1...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Campbell GL,Reeves WC,Hardy JL,Eldridge BF

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been a long-standing debate about whether birth weight directly affects adult blood pressure, or whether the association is entirely mediated through current weight. In this issue of the Journal, Chiolero et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(1):4-11) quantitatively evaluate whether bias from an unmeasured confou...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Howards PP

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How can the "strengths" of risk factors, in the sense of how well they discriminate cases from controls, be compared when they are measured on different scales such as continuous, binary, and integer? Given that risk estimates take into account other fitted and design-related factors-and that is how risk gradients are...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hopper JL

更新日期：2015-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Proto-oncogenes are genes coding for factors involved in cellular growth, reproduction, and differentiation. Cancer results through mutations of proto-oncogenes or through other mechanisms involving the products of proto-oncogenes. This study asks whether serum proteins immunologically related to the products of proto...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Weissfeld JL,Larsen RD,Niman HL,Kuller LH

更新日期：1996-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors examined the independent and combined associations of physical activity and obesity with incident type 2 diabetes among 675,496 Korean men from the database of the National Health Insurance Corporation. During an average follow-up of 7.5 years (1996-2005), 52,995 men developed type 2 diabetes. Men with ove...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lee DC,Park I,Jun TW,Nam BH,Cho SI,Blair SN,Kim YS

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study prospectively evaluated psychosocial as well as biologic, behavioral, and demographic factors in the development of duodenal ulcer. Baseline data were collected in 1963 on 8,458 Israeli men over age 40 years who had no history of duodenal ulcer. The subjects were followed for 5 years, and 254 reported the d...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Medalie JH,Stange KC,Zyzanski SJ,Goldbourt U

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Earlier epidemiologic studies have suggested an inverse association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to histamine(2) (H(2)) blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and antibiotics. Data from the PHARMO database were used to conduct a nested, population-based case-control ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Beiderbeck AB,Holly EA,Sturkenboom MC,Coebergh JW,Stricker BH,Leufkens HG

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To develop a method for assessing preclinical cardiovascular disease risk, models of resting cardiovascular regulation and of insulin metabolic syndrome were derived from information collected from 1991 to 1996 in a culturally heterogeneous sample of 319 healthy men and women (aged 25-44 years) from Miami-Dade County,...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Goldstein RZ,Hurwitz BE,Llabre MM,Schneiderman N,Gutt M,Skyler JS,Prineas RJ,Donahue RP

更新日期：2001-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutralizing antibodies to the Inoue-Melnick virus were detected in healthy adults in Osaka and in Houston. For adults, the prevalence rate for the cross-reacting type 3 virus was 13.8 per cent in Osaka and 29.1 per cent in Houston. Antibodies were also found in immune serum globulin prepared from American adults, but...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Inoue YK,Nishibe Y,Kimura T,Melnick JL

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence rate for acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Olmsted County, Minnesota, for 1935-1981, standardizing for age, sex, and calendar year, was 54.8 per million person-years--83.4 for males and 27.7 for females. Thirty-eight per cent of cases died prior to hospitalization. The annual incidence rate for those...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Griffin MR,Opitz JL,Kurland LT,Ebersold MJ,O'Fallon WM

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1999, the authors began recruitment for a randomized controlled intervention trial aimed at preventing melanocytic nevi (moles) by minimizing sun exposure through the use of sun-protective clothing. The study involves 652 Caucasian children (75.6% response) aged 0-35 months from 25 child-care centers (n = 13 interv...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Harrison SL,Buettner PG,Maclennan R

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Whitaker KM,Everson-Rose SA,Pankow JS,Rodriguez CJ,Lewis TT,Kershaw KN,Diez Roux AV,Lutsey PL

更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the effect of preschool physical activity on the change in body fatness from preschool to first grade. The Framingham Children's Study, a longitudinal study of childhood cardiovascular risk behaviors, began in 1987 with the enrollment of 106 children aged 3-5 years and their parents. The present an...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Moore LL,Nguyen US,Rothman KJ,Cupples LA,Ellison RC

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study uses 44 consecutive months of data from the Health Care Financing Administration to assess seasonal trends in hip fracture incidence among the United States white population aged 65 years and older. The authors studied a total of 621,387 cases of hip fracture which occurred from January 1984 to September 19...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Jacobsen SJ,Goldberg J,Miles TP,Brody JA,Stiers W,Rimm AA

更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the authors evaluated whether the association between low educational level and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia may be explained by occupation-based socioeconomic status (SES). A cohort of 931 nondemented subjects aged > or = 75 years from the Kungsholmen Project, Stockholm, Swed...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Karp A,Kåreholt I,Qiu C,Bellander T,Winblad B,Fratiglioni L

更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The determinants of individuals changes in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were examined in 1,171 males and 1,267 females in Tromsø, Norway, according to a 7-year longitudinal design. The basis for the study was two comprehensive population surveys in 1979-1980 and 1986-1987. In both sexes, increase in GGT displayed a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Nilssen O,Førde OH

更新日期：1994-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Flaws in the design of randomized trials may bias intervention effect estimates and increase between-trial heterogeneity. Empirical evidence suggests that these problems are greatest for subjectively assessed outcomes. For the Risk of Bias in Evidence Synthesis (ROBES) Study, we extracted risk-of-bias judgements (for ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Savovic J,Turner RM,Mawdsley D,Jones HE,Beynon R,Higgins JPT,Sterne JAC

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gender and cigarette smoking are among the most consistent predictors of bladder cancer risk. After adjustment for known risk factors, an excess risk remains for males, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the gender differences. Given limited data on hormonal or reproductive factors and bladder cancer...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： McGrath M,Michaud DS,De Vivo I

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of three approximate confidence limit methods for the odds ratio, R, is studied at the 95% level in the unconditional sample space. There are: the method proposed by Cornfield (Proceedings of the 3rd Berkeley Symposium 1956;4:135-48), the logit method with 1/2 corrections first considered by Woolf (Ann...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gart JJ,Thomas DG

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious transmission of streptococci in families has been demonstrated to follow Greenwood's chain-binomial model in its simplest form which did not need beta transformation to correct for differences in susceptibility between families. Following the application of this model, an estimate of the risk of acquisition...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Poku K

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few studies have determined risk factors for diarrheal deaths in developing areas. The Ministry of Health of Lesotho, southern Africa, reported that 9.5% of children under five years of age who were hospitalized for diarrhea in 1984 died. Of 104 children under five years of age who died during hospitalization for diar...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Griffin PM,Ryan CA,Nyaphisi M,Hargrett-Bean N,Waldman RJ,Blake PA

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few studies of veterans have examined cardiovascular disease as the primary outcome, other than in relation to specific conflicts or hazards. To assess the long-term risk and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in United Kingdom veterans from a broad range of military backgrounds and experience, we conducte...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bergman BP,Mackay DF,Pell JP

更新日期：2014-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors studied temporal change in the reproducibility of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. During 1988-1994, 492 residents of a rural Japanese town completed five questionnaires including 27 food items, with intervals ranging from 2 weeks through 5.5 years. The reproducibility decreased steadily o...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tsubono Y,Nishino Y,Fukao A,Hisamichi S,Tsugane S

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00