Abstract:
:The point prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) in a sample of 1,113 healthy Greek children and adolescents 0-19 years old was estimated by radioimmunoassay. The overall anti-HAV prevalence was 8.7%; it increased from almost zero among children less than four years of age to 16.3% in adolescents 15-19 years. Anti-HAV prevalence was independent of sex; it was lower among children born in Athens than among those born in other parts of the country, and it was higher in children of lower socioeconomic class. Compared with the results of previous surveys, the findings of the present study indicate that the exposure of Greek children to hepatitis A virus is decreasing, probably because of the improvement of socioeconomic conditions of the Greek population.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Kremastinou J,Kalapothaki V,Trichopoulos Ddoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113937subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-11-01 00:00:00pages
703-6issue
5eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113415
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors approximated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroincidence in a population of men who have sex with men and who sought repeated anonymous HIV testing in San Francisco in 1995. The number of seroconversions and person-years of observation were estimated using the date and result of the current test and t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009332
更新日期:1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Research on inflammatory bowel disease risk among oral contraceptive users has reached conflicting conclusions. This population-based case-control study evaluated the effects of oral contraceptive use on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease risk. Cases were women enrollees, aged 15-68 years, of Group Health Cooperat...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117246
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to reconcile 3 approaches to calculating population attributable fractions and attributable burden percentage: the approach of Bruzzi et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122(5):904-914.), the maximum-likelihood method of Greenland and Drescher (Biometrics. 1993;49(3):865-872.), and the multivariable...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx200
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physical size at birth (primarily birth weight) is a key predictor of infant mortality and morbidity and may serve as a predictor of risk to chronic disease in adulthood. By use of birth records, it is sometimes possible to accumulate large, even massive, data sets that can permit analyses to separate genetic and envi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk106
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus may decrease the risk of prostate cancer because of lower insulin levels. To further investigate the relation between diabetes and prostate cancer, a nested case-control study was conducted within the US Physicians' Health Study. Cases (n = 1,110) had been diagnosed w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh139
更新日期:2004-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Whether risk compensation could offset the preventive effect of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains unknown. Using virological and behavioral data collected 12 months after inclusion in the TEMPRANO randomized trial of early ART (Abidjan, Côte d'I...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww127
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Observational studies suggest a longer duration of breastfeeding to be associated dose dependently with a decrease in risk of overweight in later life. The authors performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the existing studies on duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight. Studies were included that reported th...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi222
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trends in sexual behavior associated with incident infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 are described and a case-control study was conducted to examine risk factors for HIV seroconversion in homosexual men who became infected with HIV between 1982 and 1994 from four geographic sites: Amsterdam, the...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009311
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality among persons with diabetes mellitus, but the factors that account for this high coronary heart disease mortality remain unclear. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, conducted from 1982 to 1984, 92 deaths from...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115834
更新日期:1991-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Blood pressure later in life has been inversely associated with birth weight. However, concerns have been raised about whether this association merely reflects common environmental risk factors for both fetal growth restriction and high blood pressure or whether there is a genetic tendency to give birth to small babie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.8.779
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mediation mechanisms by which an exposure or intervention affects an outcome can provide a look into what has been called a "black box" of many epidemiologic associations, thereby providing further evidence of a relationship and possible points of intervention. Rapid methodologic developments in medi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy248
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors evaluated indoor air pollution from coal combustion (IAPCC) as a potential risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs) in a rural population in Shanxi Province, China. The studied rural population has both high IAPCC exposure and a high prevalence of NTDs. A population-based case-control study was used to i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr108
更新日期:2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have compared calipers for propensity score (PS) matching, but none have considered calipers for matching on the disease risk score (DRS). We used Medicare claims data to perform 3 cohort studies of medication initiators: a study of raloxifene versus alendronate in 1-year nonvertebral fracture risk, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv302
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hearing impairment (HI) is prevalent, is modifiable, and has been associated with cognitive decline. We tested the hypothesis that audiometric HI measured in 2013 is associated with poorer cognitive function in 253 men and women from Washington County, Maryland (mean age = 76.9 years) in a pilot study carried out with...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu333
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the authors' objective was to determine whether serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with thyroid function during pregnancy. These compounds, as ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn136
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive hormonal factors may have a potential role in cutaneous melanoma. This study estimated the risk of melanoma in women related to self-reported changes in nevi during pregnancy, while using oral contraceptives and/or hormone replacement therapy. Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire obtaining in...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk040
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1,3-Butadiene and styrene are suspected carcinogens and common chemicals used in the synthesis of rubber. To investigate any potential human hazards from exposure to these chemicals, a case-control study of 59 lymphohematopoietic cancers was conducted within a cohort of male workers employed between 1943 and 1982 in e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/136.7.843
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emergency medical services with advanced life support systems were implemented in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, area in the mid-1970s. To assess the impact of emergency medical services on coronary heart disease mortality, the authors reviewed ambulance records and hospital emergency room logs for possible out-...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116160
更新日期:1991-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper concerns the effects of random error in numerical measurements of risk factors (covariates) in relative risk regressions. When not dependent on outcome (nondifferential), such error usually attenuates relative risk estimates (shifts them toward one) and leads to spuriously narrow confidence intervals. The p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115761
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of maternal risk factors in the development of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was studied in a historical cohort of 825 women who gave birth at the University of California (Los Angeles) Medical Center during a one-year period (April 1983-March 1984). The roles of demographic factors, reproductive history, ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114831
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic information encoded in covalent modifications of DNA and histone proteins regulates fundamental biological processes through the action of chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and noncoding RNA species. Epigenetic plasticity enables an organism to respond to developmental and environmental signals w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv187
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier studies report inconsistent associations between education and cognitive aging. We assessed the association, accounting for selective dropout due to death or dementia, and, in a subsample, accounting for confounding by early-life intelligence. Data from the Danish component of the Survey of Health, Ageing and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy162
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The random-zero and standard mercury sphygmomanometers are used frequently, and sometimes interchangeably, in epidemiologic studies. To determine whether there is a systematic difference between them, the authors measured systolic, fourth-phase, and fifth-phase diastolic blood pressures using both sphygmomanometers si...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113998
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have indicated that children delivered by cesarean section are at an increased risk of developing wheezing and asthma. This could be the result of an altered immune system development due to delayed gut colonization or of increased neonatal respiratory morbidity. The authors examined the associations between d...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr242
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The numbers of international collaborations among birth cohort studies designed to better understand asthma and allergies have increased in the last several years. However, differences in definitions and methods preclude direct pooling of original data on individual participants. As part of the Mechanisms of the Devel...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy242
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factor analysis has previously identified four independent factors that characterize the insulin resistance syndrome in women, interpreted as 1) weight/waist, 2) lipids, 3) insulin/glucose, and 4) systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Because it is not known whether similar factors emerge for men, or for diabetics, f...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009469
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nested case-control hospital study and a midwife-based community cohort study were conducted in Central Sudan during 1989 and 1990 to assess the contribution of mesoendemic malaria to low birth weight. Malarial infection was determined by maternal history, parasitology, and histopathology. There were significant ass...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116861
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test the hypothesis that subtle changes in the resting electrocardiogram can have predictive value for subsequent cardiovascular disease, the authors evaluated serial electrocardiograms from a cohort of initially healthy men and related these to later development of ischemic heart disease. The cohort of 1056 men or...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113739
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the growing number of epidemiologic publications on the relation between dietary factors and cancer risk, pooled analyses that summarize results from multiple studies are becoming more common. Here, the authors describe the methods being used to summarize data on diet-cancer associations within the ongoing Poolin...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj127
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00