Abstract：
:In this study, the authors' objective was to determine whether serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with thyroid function during pregnancy. These compounds, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine, were measured in serum samples collected between October 1999 and October 2000 from 334 pregnant women living in the Salinas Valley, California. Data were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. After adjustment for covariates, seven of the 19 PCB congeners detected in more than 75% of participants and the sum of those congeners were negatively associated with free thyroxine concentrations. PCBs 44, 52, and 183 remained significant after the exclusion of two outliers. Hexachlorobenzene concentrations were negatively associated with both free thyroxine and total thyroxine. PCB and hexachlorobenzene concentrations were strongly correlated, which hampered the authors' ability to identify their independent associations with thyroid function. None of the exposures under study were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Results suggest that exposure to PCBs and/or hexachlorobenzene at background levels may affect thyroid function during pregnancy. These findings are of particular significance, since thyroid hormones of maternal origin may play an essential role in fetal neurodevelopment.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Chevrier J,Eskenazi B,Holland N,Bradman A,Barr DBdoi
10.1093/aje/kwn136subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
298-310issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwn136journal_volume
168pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of cervical neoplasia was evaluated in a case-control study of 183 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with 183 age-matched outpatient controls, and of 230 cases of invasive cervical cancer compared with 230 controls in hospital for acute condition...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114220
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence on whether being a family caregiver is associated with increased or decreased risk for all-cause mortality. This study examined whether 3,503 family caregivers enrolled in the national Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study showed dif...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt225
更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study on diet and gastric cancer, carried out in selected areas of four regions of Spain (Aragon, Castile, Catalonia, and Galicia) in 1988 and 1989, included 354 cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 354 controls matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Cases and controls were ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117029
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of a risk function in clinical practice is an important concept that has received insufficient attention. The authors evaluated the clinical usefulness of the Framingham risk function (FRF) for cardiovascular disease in a Middle Eastern population (2,640 men and 3,584 women aged 30-74 years) free of cardio...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws204
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors approximated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroincidence in a population of men who have sex with men and who sought repeated anonymous HIV testing in San Francisco in 1995. The number of seroconversions and person-years of observation were estimated using the date and result of the current test and t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009332
更新日期：1997-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the role of parenteral and sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, we studied seronegative intravenous drug users recruited from 25 drug dependence treatment centers in northern Italy. All attending intravenous drug users were asked for their consent and screened for antibodies to human immuno...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116275
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Menstrual cycle characteristics may reflect underlying endocrine patterns that influence the risk of breast cancer. Most previous studies of menstrual function and breast cancer risk have used retrospective reports of menstrual bleeding, which may be unreliable. To examine this association, the authors conducted a mai...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117208
更新日期：1994-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of the environmental factors causing insulin-dependent diabetes in children has remained elusive. However, evidence is rapidly accumulating that childhood diabetes exhibits epidemic patterns, much like that seen with an infectious disease. It is likely that within these epidemics the environmental d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the authors evaluated whether the association between low educational level and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia may be explained by occupation-based socioeconomic status (SES). A cohort of 931 nondemented subjects aged > or = 75 years from the Kungsholmen Project, Stockholm, Swed...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh018
更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between leisure time physical activity and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was analyzed in a Finnish cohort of 1,072 men age 35-63 years who were followed up for 10 years and 10 months. During the period, 168 deaths were recorded, 93 of which were the result of cardiovascular...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008830
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between measures of general and central adiposity and individual cardiovascular endpoints remains understudied in older adults. This study investigated the association of measures of body size and composition with incident ischemic stroke or coronary heart disease (1989-2007) in 3,754 community-dwelling U...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq311
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular malformations were examined for white/black variation in the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study. In this population-based case-control study, cases (n = 2,087) were live births with cardiovascular malformations ascertained through pediatric cardiology centers and 53 hospitals in Maryland, the District of...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116101
更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This cross-sectional study investigated the relation between intake of caffeine-containing beverages and time to conception in a population of 1,909 married women in New Haven, Connecticut, between May 12, 1980 and March 12, 1982. Women were interviewed shortly after the first prenatal visit regarding the length of ti...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116826
更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined individual and household socioeconomic status (SES) in relation to phenotypes of neural tube defects, orafacial clefts, and conotruncal heart defects using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study with 2,551 nonmalformed liveborn controls and 1,841 cases delivered in 1997-2000. The ind...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm283
更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In a prospective cohort of nondisabled adults aged 65 years or more in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (1981-1987 and 1985-1992), we used a competing risk approach to predict the 5-year risk of severe, persistent activities-of-daily-living (ADLs) disability, defined as dependence i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt097
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Survival models are important tools for the analysis of data when a disease event occurs in time and subjects are lost to follow-up. Many models, however, can also be adapted for use when an event is characterized by transitions through intermediate states of disease with increasing severity. In this presentation, suc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114293
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study involved direct observation of the differences in utilization of medical care by smokers, nonsmokers, and former smokers. A household interview survey conducted in 1970-1971 obtained detailed information about the smoking patterns of 2,582 adult members of the Northwest Kaiser Permanente health maintenance ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114187
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Narrowing and other changes in retinal arterioles may reflect damage due to hypertension, which may predict stroke and other cardiovascular diseases independently of blood pressure level. Newly developed quantitative methods of assessing retinal narrowing are used to determine whether this sign is related only to curr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009997
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The performance of three approximate confidence limit methods for the odds ratio, R, is studied at the 95% level in the unconditional sample space. There are: the method proposed by Cornfield (Proceedings of the 3rd Berkeley Symposium 1956;4:135-48), the logit method with 1/2 corrections first considered by Woolf (Ann...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113323
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the effect of aluminum and silica in drinking water on the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, the authors analyzed data from a large prospective cohort (Paquid), including 3,777 subjects aged 65 years and over living at home in 75 civil parishes in Gironde and Dordogne in southwestern France in 1...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/152.1.59
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since June 1982, the Wisconsin Chronic Renal Disease Program has provided reimbursement for hepatitis B virus vaccine and pre- and postvaccine serologic testing for patients and staff in all Wisconsin renal dialysis centers. Between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1984, 444 dialysis patients in 22 renal dialysis centers and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114858
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between cataract prevalence, altitude, and sunlight hours was investigated in a large national probability sample survey of 105 sites in the Himalayan kingdom of Nepal, December 1980 through April 1981. Cataract of senile or unknown etiology was diagnosed by ophthalmologists in 873 of 30,565 full-time...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113632
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vulvar vestibulitis is characterized by superficial pain during intercourse. Exploratory studies have suggested that oral contraceptives (OCs) could be associated with occurrence of vulvar vestibulitis. This 1995-1998 case-control study in Québec, Canada, sought to reassess this association. Included were 138 women wi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf037
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there has been a rapid rise in the publication of meta-analyses of genetic association studies, little is known about their methodological quality. The authors reviewed the quality of 120 randomly selected genetic meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2007. Data extracted included issues of general relevan...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp350
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measures of socioeconomic status have been shown to be related positively to levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in white men and women and negatively in African American men. However, there is little information regarding the association between educational attainment and HDL fractions or apolipoprot...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009696
更新日期：1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1989, the authors tested the effectiveness of two response-enhancing techniques, a postage stamped or franked return envelope and a prenotification letter, in a survey of pregnancy among 10,047 resident physicians in the United States. The techniques were randomly assigned using a factorial design. No significant i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116126
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NHLBI Family Heart Study is a multicenter, population-based study of genetic and nongenetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors. In phase I, 2,000 randomly selected participants and 2,000 with family histories of CHD were identified among 14,592 middle-age...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008709
更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual-level health behaviors and outcomes have multi-level determinants (individual and environmental). Multi-level analysis seeks to explain individual outcomes in terms of both individual and environmental or aggregate variables. Ecologic fallacy (improper inference about individual-level associations based on ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116207
更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To develop a method for assessing preclinical cardiovascular disease risk, models of resting cardiovascular regulation and of insulin metabolic syndrome were derived from information collected from 1991 to 1996 in a culturally heterogeneous sample of 319 healthy men and women (aged 25-44 years) from Miami-Dade County,...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.8.765
更新日期：2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Lower intake of the essential trace element selenium may be a risk factor for prostate cancer and other cancers. In the United States, many racial disparities in cancer incidence, such as the 61% higher incidence of prostate cancer among Blacks relative to Whites, remain unexplained. Using data from a large, nationall...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm075
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
