Abstract：
:Understanding the mediation mechanisms by which an exposure or intervention affects an outcome can provide a look into what has been called a "black box" of many epidemiologic associations, thereby providing further evidence of a relationship and possible points of intervention. Rapid methodologic developments in mediation analyses mean that there are a growing number of approaches for researchers to consider, each with its own set of assumptions, advantages, and disadvantages. This has understandably resulted in some confusion among applied researchers. Here, we provide a brief overview of the mediation methods available and discuss points for consideration when choosing a method. We provide an in-depth explication of 2 of the many potential estimators for illustrative purposes: the Baron and Kenny mediation approach, because it is the most commonly used, and a recently developed approach for estimating stochastic direct and indirect effects, because it relies on far fewer assumptions. We illustrate the decision process and analytical procedure by estimating potential school- and peer-based mechanisms linking neighborhood poverty to adolescent substance use in the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Rudolph KE,Goin DE,Paksarian D,Crowder R,Merikangas KR,Stuart EAdoi
10.1093/aje/kwy248subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
598-608issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
5252009journal_volume
188pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:To investigate the relationship of smoking to breast cancer risk, the authors conducted a case-control study involving 1,547 patients and 1,930 controls identified between 1973 and 1980 through a nationwide screening program. There was no evidence that smoking affected risk (relative risk (RR) = 1.2), nor were there a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114281
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in young children indicates recent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. We reviewed surveillance reports of children with LTBI to assess whether more follow-up is needed to prevent TB in this high-risk population. Data on all children under 5 years of age who were report...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx354
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the December 1952 smog disaster in London, a substantial increase in mortality was closely associated with the increase in air pollution. Deaths from cardiovascular causes were elevated as well as respiratory deaths. The increase was greatest in the elderly. Hospital admissions were increased for both respiratory a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117541
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.9.873
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Secondary clinical databases are an important and growing source of data for comparative effectiveness research (CER) studies. However, measurement of confounders, such as biomarker values or patient-reported health status, in secondary clinical databases may not align with the initiation of a new treatment. In many p...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww136
更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116207
更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.9.853
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114244
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwy184
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116264
更新日期：1992-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr032
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr302
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa207
更新日期：2020-09-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/152.11.1017
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115087
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf155
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have investigated the effects of parental smoking patterns on the pulmonary function of children in East Boston, Massachusetts. A crude inverse dose-response relationship was observed between the level of FEF25--75% predicted of children who never smoked and the number of smoking parents in the household. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112783
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The receiver operating characteristic curve is a commonly used tool for evaluating biomarker usefulness in clinical diagnosis of disease. Frequently, biomarkers being assessed have immeasurable or unreportable samples below some limit of detection. Ignoring observations below the limit of detection leads to negatively...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk011
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009173
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential survival associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was evaluated in a cross-country study using four population-based IDDM cohorts from Japan (n = 1,374), Israel (n = 610), Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (n = 995), and Finland (n = 5,144). For the purpose of this cross-country comparison,...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-15 00:00:00
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更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.5.399
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115761
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted blood pressure screening on the Navajo Indian reservation in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Six hundred forty Navajos over 19 years of age were surveyed at various sites. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in Navajo men and women did not show as great increases wit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112686
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws397
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn021
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284 pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of lung cancer. Self-administered questionnaires were co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh290
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
