Abstract:
:Efficient control of confounding is well recognized as a legitimate motive for restriction, matching, and conditional analysis in case-control studies. Some investigators, however, have advocated use of the same techniques for another purpose: to achieve a balance of "opportunity" or "potential" for past exposure between cases and controls. This paper shows that disparities of exposure opportunity between cases and controls exert no bias on estimates of the incidence rate ratio. The precision of rate ratio estimates is lessened when case-control studies are reduced in size by the exclusion of people with no opportunity for exposure. Matching and conditional analysis with respect to indicators of exposure opportunity also reduce precision without enhancing validity. Such indicators, which are correlates of exposure but not determinants of disease, are not confounders; therefore, they do not need to be controlled in the design or analysis of case-control studies.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Poole Cdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114244subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
352-8issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
123pub_type
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