Adaptive Treatment Strategies With Survival Outcomes: An Application to the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Using a Large Observational Database.

abstract：:The authors examined the role of food insecurity in the etiology of children's cognitive and mental health problems. Data from a prospective longitudinal study of 1,116 United Kingdom families with twins (sample constructed in 1999-2000) were used to test associations among household food insecurity; income; maternal ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Belsky DW,Moffitt TE,Arseneault L,Melchior M,Caspi A

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking is becoming increasingly common in Asia while quitting remains rare, in part because of a lack of knowledge about the risks of smoking. This study compared the risk of death from lung cancer associated with smoking habits in Australia and New Zealand and in Asia by using data from the Asia Pacific Co...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Huxley R,Jamrozik K,Lam TH,Barzi F,Ansary-Moghaddam A,Jiang CQ,Suh I,Woodward M,Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration.

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Definitions and descriptions of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) vary between Western and Eastern types, and alcoholism and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are, respectively, the main etiologies. To determine whether there are unified diagnostic criteria and common treatment programs for different etiologies of ACLF, a m...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gu WY,Xu BY,Zheng X,Chen J,Wang XB,Huang Y,Gao YH,Meng ZJ,Qian ZP,Liu F,Lu XB,Shang J,Li H,Wang SY,Sun X,Li H

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cluster randomized controlled trials (CRCTs) are attractive in settings in which individual randomization is difficult or impossible. This issue is common when studying several health problems in developing countries. The authors aimed to assess empirically the extent to which the prerequisite design and analysis aspe...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Isaakidis P,Ioannidis JP

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relation between the risk of breast cancer before 45 years of age and oral contraceptive use was examined in a case-control study conducted in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston from 1983 to 1986 of 407 patients with breast cancer and 424 controls. With allowance for confounding, for ever use, the multi...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Miller DR,Rosenberg L,Kaufman DW,Stolley P,Warshauer ME,Shapiro S

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A seroepidemiologic study of prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was simultaneously done in four populations: group I, nuns working as nurses or school teachers; group II, women admitted to a upper socioeconomic private hospital; group III, women admitted to a lower socioeconomic county hospital, and group...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Davis LE,Stewart JA,Garvin S

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Before the 1970s, today's older Americans were exposed to high levels of lead in the environment. The authors previously reported that lifetime cumulative lead dose was associated with lower cognitive test performance in older adults. Experiments suggest that environmental stress may intensify the detrimental influenc...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Glass TA,Bandeen-Roche K,McAtee M,Bolla K,Todd AC,Schwartz BS

更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify cancers that occur at higher rates in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, the cancer experience of New York State (NYS) AIDS patients aged 15-69 years who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1994 was compared with that of the NYS general population. Sex and HIV risk group-specific standardized ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gallagher B,Wang Z,Schymura MJ,Kahn A,Fordyce EJ

更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that paternal occupational exposures to pesticides and solvents increase the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. With the use of Texas livebirth, fetal death, and linked livebirth-death records, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 1981-1986 Texas births to exam...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brender JD,Suarez L

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since 1963, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), formerly the Cholera Research Laboratory, has maintained a field station in Matlab to treat patients from a surveillance population of 240,000 who have cholera and other diarrheal diseases. Since 1966, the authors have analyzed...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Glass RI,Becker S,Huq MI,Stoll BJ,Khan MU,Merson MH,Lee JV,Black RE

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distributions of diseases in human populations so that we may identify ways to prevent and control disease. Although this definition broadly serves us well, I suggest that in recent decades, our discipline's robust interest in identifying causes has come at the expense of a ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Galea S

更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study estimated the incidence of clinical neonatal seizures among infants born between 1992 and 1994 in Harris County, Texas, a county with a large and ethnically diverse population. Infants with neonatal seizures were ascertained from four sources: hospital discharge diagnoses, birth certificates, death certific...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Saliba RM,Annegers JF,Waller DK,Tyson JE,Mizrahi EM

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1970-1979, the incidence of human leptospirosis in Israel was 0.7 per 100,000 population. The majority of the cases (62%) occurred in northeastern Israel (Upper Galilee). Prior to 1973 the main infecting serotypes were grippotyphosa (41%) and Hebdomadis szwajizak (31%). Following the first outbreak of Hebdomadis ha...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Shenberg E,Gerichter CB,Lindenbaum I

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A case-control study on diet and gastric cancer, carried out in selected areas of four regions of Spain (Aragon, Castile, Catalonia, and Galicia) in 1988 and 1989, included 354 cases of histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 354 controls matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Cases and controls were ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： González CA,Riboli E,Badosa J,Batiste E,Cardona T,Pita S,Sanz JM,Torrent M,Agudo A

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidemiologic approach to causal inference (i.e., Hill's viewpoints) consists of evaluating potential causes from the following 2, noncumulative angles: 1) established results from comparative, observational, or experimental epidemiologic studies; and 2) reviews of nonepidemiologic evidence. It does not involve st...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Morabia A

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a cohort of 849 infants with an asthmatic sibling, the authors examined the relations of exposure to allergens (dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog), nitrogen dioxide, and mold with symptoms of wheeze and persistent cough in the first year of life (1998-2000). Among infants whose mothers had physician-diagnosed asth...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Belanger K,Beckett W,Triche E,Bracken MB,Holford T,Ren P,McSharry JE,Gold DR,Platts-Mills TA,Leaderer BP

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of three approximate confidence limit methods for the odds ratio, R, is studied at the 95% level in the unconditional sample space. There are: the method proposed by Cornfield (Proceedings of the 3rd Berkeley Symposium 1956;4:135-48), the logit method with 1/2 corrections first considered by Woolf (Ann...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gart JJ,Thomas DG

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective was to study changes in the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related Kaposi's sarcoma and the association with degree of immunodeficiency over time. Danish patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosed between 1979 and 1990 (n = 687) were followed clinically and with ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lundgren JD,Melbye M,Pedersen C,Rosenberg PS,Gerstoft J

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from a Norwegian investigation on family planning were used to study the relation between menarcheal age and spontaneous abortion rate. Abortion rates were found to be 1.5-2 times higher among women with a menarcheal age of 12 years or less than among those with a menarcheal age of 14 years or more. The possibili...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Liestøl K

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza is a significant problem within hospitals, leading to extended hospital stays, excess morbidity and mortality, and economic loss. Prevention and control strategies are generally "bundled"; therefore, the individual effects of particular strategies and the value of combined strategies cannot be determined dir...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Blanco N,Eisenberg MC,Stillwell T,Foxman B

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a previous study, patients with spinal cord injuries were observed to have a high incidence of colonizaion of the perineum, rectum, and urethra with Pseudomonas. In the current report, 10 men and 10 women with spinal cord injury were studied prospectively during their stay in hospital between June-Dec. 1977 (men) a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Montgomerie JZ,Morrow JW

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the U-shaped relation between alcohol intake and health beyond findings related to cardiovascular disease. Medically certified sickness absence is a health indicator in which coronary heart disease is only a minor factor. To investigate the relation between alcohol intake and sickness absence, re...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vahtera J,Poikolainen K,Kivimäki M,Ala-Mursula L,Pentti J

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prospective epidemiologic data on the association between vitamin D and mortality are limited, particularly in Asian populations. Among subjects in Linxian, China, the authors aimed to test whether baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in a prospective cohort were associated with all-cause mortal...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lin SW,Chen W,Fan JH,Dawsey SM,Taylor PR,Qiao YL,Abnet CC

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using data from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2009; n = 158,833 participants, of whom 84.1% were white, 9.2% were black, 4.1% were Hispanic, and 2.6% were Asian), we compared all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality rates in white, black, Hispanic, and Asian postmenopausal women with and without diabetes....

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ma Y,Hébert JR,Balasubramanian R,Wedick NM,Howard BV,Rosal MC,Liu S,Bird CE,Olendzki BC,Ockene JK,Wactawski-Wende J,Phillips LS,Lamonte MJ,Schneider KL,Garcia L,Ockene IS,Merriam PA,Sepavich DM,Mackey RH,Johnson KC

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors assessed the influence of age, period, and cohort effects on rates of preterm delivery in the United States. Rates of preterm delivery for singleton births (<37 weeks) in seven age groups (15-19, 20-24,., 45-49 years), five periods (1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995), and 11 maternal birth cohorts (1926-1930, 1...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ananth CV,Misra DP,Demissie K,Smulian JC

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Time-series studies have linked daily variations in nonaccidental deaths with daily variations in ambient particulate matter air pollution, while controlling for qualitatively larger influences of weather and season. Although time-series analyses typically include nonlinear terms for weather and season, questions rema...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Welty LJ,Zeger SL

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship of acute respiratory illness and infection to chronic bronchitis was investigated in the community of Tecumseh, Michigan. Families were randomly selected for study from among all those in the community and they were followed for periods of one year. Occurrence of acute respiratory illnesses was identi...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Monto AS,Ross HW

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atherosclerosis and thrombosis may lead to cognitive impairment through cerebral infarcts or white matter hyperintensities. Oxidative stress is now seen as a major contributor to the process of atherogenesis. High intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., linoleic acid, or low intake of antioxidants can increase ox...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kalmijn S,Feskens EJ,Launer LJ,Kromhout D

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A gene variant that increases disease risk will be overrepresented among diseased persons, even compared with their own biologic parents. This insight has led to tests based solely on the asymmetric distribution of a variant allele among cases and their parents (e.g., the transmission/disequilibrium test). Existing me...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Wilcox AJ,Weinberg CR,Lie RT

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between serum selenium concentration and five-year risk of cardiovascular disease was studied in 1,110 men aged 55 to 74 years in two rural areas of Finland. In the total cohort, all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were associated significantly with serum selenium of less than 45 micrograms/liter, an a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Virtamo J,Valkeila E,Alfthan G,Punsar S,Huttunen JK,Karvonen MJ

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00