Abstract：
:Since 1963, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), formerly the Cholera Research Laboratory, has maintained a field station in Matlab to treat patients from a surveillance population of 240,000 who have cholera and other diarrheal diseases. Since 1966, the authors have analyzed hospital records of 7141 surveillance-area patients culture-positive for v. cholerae 01 to relate the seasonality, age and sex distribution, and geographic trends with hypotheses concerning transmission, immunity, and risk groups. From this review, they have found that: 1) children 2-9 years old and adult women are most commonly hospitalized for cholera; 2) V. cholerae 01 emerges simultaneously throughout the area of surveillance, with the early cases being of different phage types; 3) three patients were hospitalized twice for cholera compared with 29 expected on the basis of life-table analysis (p less than 0.01), suggesting that immunity to severe disease conferred by previous illness may be stable and long-lasting; 4) no constant relationship was found between the times of onset or peaks of the yearly cholera epidemic and the times of onset or peaks of the monsoon rains or river water levels; and 5) an outbreak of multiply antibiotic-resistant V. cholerae 01 infection documented in 1979 raises questions about the dissemination of resistance plasmids, antibiotic-use patterns, and the need for other drugs in addition to tetracycline. While little progress has been made in understanding the mode of transmission of v. cholerae 01, and in identifying practices for prevention, fluid therapy in this area has decreased the case fatality rate significantly and provides guidance for similar programs elsewhere.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Glass RI,Becker S,Huq MI,Stoll BJ,Khan MU,Merson MH,Lee JV,Black REdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113498subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-12-01 00:00:00pages
959-70issue
6eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Estimating risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) for patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the natural course is essential for assessing risks and benefits of treatment. Traditionally, the survival period starts at the time of diagnosis and ends at ICH, but most patients are quickly cens...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq082
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors present a computer program for hypothesis testing and calculation of exact binomial confidence intervals for the adjusted relative risk in follow-up studies involving multiple strata with incidence density (person-time) denominators and small or zero person-count numerators. The program is an extension to ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114535
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of marital status and change in marital status on mortality among middle-aged British men were examined in a prospective cohort study, the British Regional Heart Study. This is a nationally representative cohort of men selected at random from general medical practices in 24 towns in England, Wales, and Sco...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117723
更新日期：1995-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt269
更新日期：2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A statistic, Q, based on the ranks of the estimated probabilities of disease is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of regression models used with dichotomous dependent variables in epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. The pitfalls of R2 are discussed, and the proposed statistic is compared...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112718
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) provides a useful metric of departure from additivity of effects on a relative risk scale. In this paper, the authors show that RERI is identical to the product term in a linear odds ratio or a linear relative risk model. SAS and STATA codes are provided for fitting a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn411
更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp156
更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated 3 index-based dietary patterns-Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, HEI-2010, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010-in relation to ovarian cancer risk in African-American women. The study was conducted among 415 ovarian cancer cases and 629 age- and site-matched controls of African-American d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx022
更新日期：2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of cervical neoplasia was evaluated in a case-control study of 183 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with 183 age-matched outpatient controls, and of 230 cases of invasive cervical cancer compared with 230 controls in hospital for acute condition...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114220
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116278
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009057
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114259
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have determined risk factors for diarrheal deaths in developing areas. The Ministry of Health of Lesotho, southern Africa, reported that 9.5% of children under five years of age who were hospitalized for diarrhea in 1984 died. Of 104 children under five years of age who died during hospitalization for diar...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115085
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009523
更新日期：1998-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa042
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116621
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009029
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether loci that influence fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) levels, as identified by genome-wide association studies, modify associations of diet with FG or FI is unknown. We utilized data from 15 U.S. and European cohort studies comprising 51,289 persons without diabetes to test whether genotype and die...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kws297
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce lung cancer risk. Dietary boron may have actions similar to those of HRT; however, no previous study has reported the associations between dietary boron intake and lung cancer risk or the joint effects of boron intake and HRT use on lung cancer risk. The authors examined th...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn021
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Empiric data on recruitment of minorities into clinical or population studies are limited. The authors evaluated population- and community-based recruitment methods in a 1998-2001 case-control study of lung cancer among African Americans and Latinos. For lung cancer cases in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, r...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the natural history of weight change in the years prior to death among older persons and to examine how this pattern varies according to longevity and cause of death. Weight trajectories were analyzed by using data from 800 male decedents from the Baltimore Longitudinal...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq168
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
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更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009946
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that paternal occupational exposures to pesticides and solvents increase the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. With the use of Texas livebirth, fetal death, and linked livebirth-death records, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 1981-1986 Texas births to exam...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115526
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the relation of increased mortality and morbidity to personal loss and damage following the 1988 earthquake in Armenia, the authors conducted a prospective study of mortality and a nested case-control analysis of incident morbidity. Employees of the Armenian Ministry of Health and their immediate families (n...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009585
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiologic studies of overdiagnosis are challenged by unclear definitions and the absence of unified measures. This spurs great controversies. Etymologically, overdiagnosis means too much diagnosis and stems from the inability to distinguish what is important from what is not. Accordingly, in order to grasp, measur...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A few epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk of death from external causes among men with hypertension. Previous studies were limited by small numbers of events, however, and none assessed the association of blood pressure with specific types of "accidental" death. The authors examined data obtained from b...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left-truncated and interval-censored data, termed dynamic cohort data, arise in longitudinal studies with rolling admissions and only occasional follow-up. The authors compared four approaches for analyzing such data: a constant hazard model; maximum likelihood estimation with flexible parametric models; the midpoint ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.4.366
更新日期：2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11 and 16/18 and any HPV type as well as for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections were investigated in a population-based study of 1,600 randomly selected women (20-39 years) from Godthåb (native, Nuuk), Greenland, and Nykøbing Falster, Denmark. A t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115551
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mortality studies have indicated that workers in agriculture and forestry may be at increased risk of leukemia. Findings are reported from a New Zealand Cancer Registry-based case-control study involving 546 male leukemia patients registered during 1979-1983 and aged 20 years or more at time of registration. Controls ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114410
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
