Abstract:
:Risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11 and 16/18 and any HPV type as well as for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections were investigated in a population-based study of 1,600 randomly selected women (20-39 years) from Godthåb (native, Nuuk), Greenland, and Nykøbing Falster, Denmark. A total of 586 Greenlandic women and 661 Danish women were included, respectively. They all had a personal interview and a gynecologic examination with cervical smear and swab for HPV analysis (filter in situ hybridization). Moreover, a blood sample was obtained for analysis for HSV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In view of the general concept of HPV as a sexually transmitted virus, it is unexpected that women with "multiple" partners revealed a significantly lower risk for all types of HPV than did women with "few" partners, the odds ratio (OR) being 40-60% decreased in women with greater than or equal to 30 partners compared with women who had 0-4 sexual partners. In contrast, the risk for HSV-2 infection was significantly increased among women with early age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 2.9 for age less than or equal to 13 vs. 14-16 years) and multiple partners (OR = 2.6 for greater than or equal to 20 vs. 0-4 partners) (hereafter referred to as "high sexual activity" as well as with an increasing number of sexually active years with an unprotected cervix (i.e., without the use of barrier contraceptives) (OR = 2.0 for greater than or equal to 15 vs. 0-9 years). The results of this study thus demonstrate a surprising risk pattern for HPV types 6/11 and 16/18, but a pattern for HSV-2 in line with that to be expected for a sexually transmitted virus. This could indicate the existence of factors, especially in women with high sexual activity, which interfere with the expression of HPV or with the ability to detect it and/or that HPV may be transmitted by means other than sexual contact.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Kjaer SK,Engholm G,Teisen C,Haugaard BJ,Lynge E,Christensen RB,Møller KA,Jensen H,Poll P,Vestergaard BFdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115551subject
Has Abstract,Author List Incompletepub_date
1990-04-01 00:00:00pages
669-82issue
4eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
131pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1,3-Butadiene and styrene are suspected carcinogens and common chemicals used in the synthesis of rubber. To investigate any potential human hazards from exposure to these chemicals, a case-control study of 59 lymphohematopoietic cancers was conducted within a cohort of male workers employed between 1943 and 1982 in e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/136.7.843
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mental Function Index is a weighted combination of scores on three brief tests. The Index was developed to aid in the discrimination of elderly persons with early cases of senile dementia from nondemented elderly individuals. In a previous report (Am J Epidemiol 1981;114:515-27), the authors described preliminary ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113963
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-level arsenic exposure is consistently associated with QT prolongation, a risk factor for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Arsenic may act on QT by increasing cardiac calcium currents. The authors hypothesized that low-level arsenic exposure would be associated with QT duration and that this effect would be s...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp191
更新日期:2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Over a two-year period an attempt was made to identify instances of transmission of rubella vaccine virus from rubella vaccinees to pregnant women in Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee. Approximately 24,000 children were immunized in a mass campaign at the outset of the study. Several prospective surveillance method...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112089
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used full-system-estimation instrumental-variables simultaneous equations modeling (IV-SEM) to examine physical activity relative to body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) using 25 years of data (1985/1986 to 2010/2011) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 5,115; a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww010
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors present analyses of data from three independent clinical series and controls indicating an association between working in occupations with probable medium to high exposure to extremely low frequency (< 300 Hz) electromagnetic fields and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Case-control analyses were carried out u...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117669
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1997 redesign of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) affected US childhood asthma prevalence estimates. The 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate for children 0-17 years was 5.4%. Pre-redesign NHIS childhood asthma period prevalence estimates peaked in 1995 at 7.5%. It is unclear whether the difference re...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg109
更新日期:2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have compared calipers for propensity score (PS) matching, but none have considered calipers for matching on the disease risk score (DRS). We used Medicare claims data to perform 3 cohort studies of medication initiators: a study of raloxifene versus alendronate in 1-year nonvertebral fracture risk, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv302
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::A survey was carried out on a random sample of 1,288 Mexican Americans and 929 Anglos living in three socially distinct neighborhoods in San Antonio, Texas. Hypertension was defined as diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg or currently taking antihypertensive medication. Overall age-adjusted preval...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/121.5.684
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence rate for acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Olmsted County, Minnesota, for 1935-1981, standardizing for age, sex, and calendar year, was 54.8 per million person-years--83.4 for males and 27.7 for females. Thirty-eight per cent of cases died prior to hospitalization. The annual incidence rate for those...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114058
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Australia, as in many industrialized countries, the past 50 years have been marked by increasing female labor-force participation. It is popularly speculated that this might impose a mental-health burden on women and their children. This analysis aimed to examine the associations between household labor-force parti...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa138
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence suggests that maternal stress during pregnancy may influence pregnancy outcomes. In a nationwide Swedish study including almost 3 million births taking place during 1973-2006, we investigated whether maternal bereavement during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth risk. Through individual record...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws383
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study investigated the relation between intake of caffeine-containing beverages and time to conception in a population of 1,909 married women in New Haven, Connecticut, between May 12, 1980 and March 12, 1982. Women were interviewed shortly after the first prenatal visit regarding the length of ti...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116826
更新日期:1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Since a positive association between blood pressure and plasma glucose level in child populations has been observed previously, we studied this relationship in a stratified random sample of children ages 7-15 years drawn from a total geographic population. We stratified this population (N = 3524) by diastolic blood pr...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113103
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative weights of empirical facts (data) and assumptions (theory) in causal inference vary across disciplines. Typically, disciplines that ask more complex questions tend to better tolerate a greater role of theory and modeling in causal inference. As epidemiologists move toward increasingly complex questions, M...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu272
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Associations between metabolic syndrome components and prevalent ischemic heart disease (IHD) were investigated in a cross-sectional, community-based study of elderly men (n = 1,015) and women (n = 1,259) in Rancho Bernardo, California, in 1984-1987. In both sexes, there were significant positive associations between ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.481
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unexpected nature of disasters leaves little time or resources for organized health surveillance of the affected population, and even less for those who are unaffected. An ideal epidemiologic study would monitor both groups equally well, but would typically be decided against as infeasible or costly. Exposure and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx194
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted a case-control study to determine whether risk factors for reading disability (RD) differentially affect boys and girls. The study population included all children born between 1976 and 1982 in Olmsted County, Minnesota (n = 5,701). A total of 303 RD cases were identified by using intelligence qu...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.9.787
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce lung cancer risk. Dietary boron may have actions similar to those of HRT; however, no previous study has reported the associations between dietary boron intake and lung cancer risk or the joint effects of boron intake and HRT use on lung cancer risk. The authors examined th...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn021
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1983 and December 1986, a total of 376 mothers living in Godthaab and Thule, Greenland, were asked about their average weekly intake of marine food. The blood methylmercury concentrations of mothers and offspring were measured. Mean methylmercury concentrations in infants were found to be 40 percent hi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115660
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cross-sectional relation between levels of urinary biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) and levels of blood lead was examined in a study of 645 male participants from a longitudinal study of aging. This stable population of men had initially been recruited from communities in and ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116785
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth co...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn250
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associat...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt258
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the associations of observed neighborhood (block face) and housing conditions with the incidence of diabetes by using data from 644 subjects in the African-American Health Study (St. Louis area, Missouri). They also investigated five mediating pathways (health behavior, psychosocial, health status...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm190
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated the association between age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 101,415 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) aged 34-59 years (1980-2006) and 100,547 women from Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) aged 26-46 years (1991-2005). During 2,430,274 and 1,373,875 person-y...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp372
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Menstrual cycle characteristics may reflect underlying endocrine patterns that influence the risk of breast cancer. Most previous studies of menstrual function and breast cancer risk have used retrospective reports of menstrual bleeding, which may be unreliable. To examine this association, the authors conducted a mai...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117208
更新日期:1994-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of Down syndrome was studied among all live births occurring between 1989 and 1991 in the California counties monitored by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Objectives of this study were: 1) to calculate adjusted prevalence rates and quinquennial maternal age-specific risk rates of Down s...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009084
更新日期:1997-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary data from 11,658 adult respondents in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to provide quantitative information regarding the contribution of specific foods to the total population intake of the following 10 nutrients: vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, iron, ph...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114072
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, 1-4 per 1,000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear, but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations, and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methy...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj285
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated associations between neighborhood supermarket gain or loss and glycemic control (assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values) in patients from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry (n = 434,806 person-years; 2007-2010). Annual clinical measures were linked to metrics from a geogra...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx017
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00