Abstract：
:Over a two-year period an attempt was made to identify instances of transmission of rubella vaccine virus from rubella vaccinees to pregnant women in Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee. Approximately 24,000 children were immunized in a mass campaign at the outset of the study. Several prospective surveillance methods of 11,635 women and their new babies were employed. Attempts were made to recover rubella virus from throat swabs of 10,951 newborns. No rubella vaccine virus was recovered. Wild rubella virus was isolated from a single infant with the congenital rubella syndrome whose mother had natural rubella during the first month of pregnancy. Rubella virus was not isolated from the products of 240 abortions. There were no seroconversions among 3990 women who had paired sera available for study. Clinical and serologic follow-ups of infants judged to be a high risk because of intimate maternal exposure to vaccine virus revealed no late manifestations of congenital rubella infection. A history of close maternal contact with vaccinees during the three months before and the three months following conception was not associated with an increased incidence of congenital anomalies or clinical features seen with congenital rubella infection. Thus, no evidence of vaccine virus transmission was found, providing further evidence of the safety of rubella vaccine under field conditions. A seroepidemiologic study of 8824 pregnant women revealed the expected decline in rubella susceptibility with increasing age. When age was controlled, the variables of race, parity, and educational achievement produced no major influence on immunity.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Fleet WF,Vaughn W,Lefkowitz LB Jr,Schaffner W,Federspiel CFdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112089subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-03-01 00:00:00pages
220-30issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women was investigated in a population-based case-control study conducted in Adelaide, Australia during 1982-1984. Cases were identified through the South Australian Central Cancer Registry, and, for each case, one age-matched control was selected...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115122
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence rate for acute traumatic spinal cord injury in Olmsted County, Minnesota, for 1935-1981, standardizing for age, sex, and calendar year, was 54.8 per million person-years--83.4 for males and 27.7 for females. Thirty-eight per cent of cases died prior to hospitalization. The annual incidence rate for those...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114058
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to antibody analysis, approximately two of every three intravenous drug users in Iceland have become infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this study, serum samples from 55 HCV antibody-positive intravenous drug users (39 males and 16 females) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and the viral str...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008793
更新日期：1996-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Follicular lymphoma (FL) risk is strongly associated with germline genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. Cigarette smoking has been suggested to increase FL risk, primarily among women. We hypothesized that amino acids in HLA-antigen D-related β1 subunit (DRB1) interact with smoking in FL risk, ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww118
更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Androgens have an extensive influence on brain development in regions of the brain that are relevant for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their etiological involvement remains unclear. Hypospadias (abnormal positioning of the urethral opening) and cryptorchidism (undescended testes) are 2 relatively common male bir...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx367
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe an approach to the analysis of case-control studies in which the exposure variables are continuous, i.e., quantitative variables, and one wishes neither to categorize levels of the exposure variable nor to assume a log-linear relation between level of exposure and disease risk. A dose-response ass...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008970
更新日期：1996-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors evaluated risk factors potentially associated with the development of popliteal artery atherosclerosis in a population-based study and compared them with factors linked to carotid wall intimal-medial thickness. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a longitudinal investigation of cardiova...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009929
更新日期：1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence from epidemiologic and experimental studies suggests that use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces risk of colon and breast cancer. The association between use of aspirin and other NSAIDs and risk of adult glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was evaluated among 236 incident GBM cases and 401 popu...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh153
更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The health status of 1025 urban senior citizens in a Montreal metropolitan area was determined by a questionnaire based on the subjects' view of physical, mental, and general well-being, and of dependence (indicators of Belloc et al., Berkman, Grogono and Woodgate, and Linn). A principal component analysis was made of...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112820
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol consumption habits as recorded on health checkup questionnaires by 91,659 white, black, or Oriental men and women were studied. Substantial age, sex, and race differences in alcohol consumption were reported. Generally, men drank more than women, drinking was most prevalent among whites and least prevalent amo...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112388
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of the environmental factors causing insulin-dependent diabetes in children has remained elusive. However, evidence is rapidly accumulating that childhood diabetes exhibits epidemic patterns, much like that seen with an infectious disease. It is likely that within these epidemics the environmental d...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) are measures of subclinical vascular disease. This 2000-2006 study aimed to characterize the associations among coronary artery disease risk factors, CAC quantity, and CIMT and to estimate shared genetic and environmental contr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn211
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the U-shaped relation between alcohol intake and health beyond findings related to cardiovascular disease. Medically certified sickness absence is a health indicator in which coronary heart disease is only a minor factor. To investigate the relation between alcohol intake and sickness absence, re...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf138
更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Longitudinal studies aimed at assessing the impact of interventions on disease risk factors often confront several statistical problems. These problems include 1) dependent variables measured by ordered categories, 2) numerous potentially relevant patterns of transition between outcome levels, 3) mixed units of analys...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115399
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiology of melanoma in populations of African-European descent has rarely been reported. The authors studied melanoma in the French West Indies (Martinique), where black Caribbeans and whites represented 96% and 4% of the population, respectively. Among the 85 cases of melanoma collected from 1976 to 1995, bl...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009368
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Explanations for the low prevalence of atherosclerosis in Japan versus the United States are often confounded with genetic variation. To help remove such confounding, the authors compared coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, between Japanese men in Japan and Japanese men in Haw...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm201
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj285
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimentally, high-carbohydrate diets have been shown to elevate triglycerides, but it has not been established whether this rise is permanent or transient. The authors approached this question by studying 719 boys from worldwide populations with marked differences in long-term carbohydrate intake. Fasting serum tri...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115497
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies from the United States have shown increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with increasing socioeconomic status (SES), whereas in Scandinavian countries, no such relation was identified. We investigated how ASD risk in offspring varied according to parental SES in Taiwan, where we have universal ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa241
更新日期：2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether genetic and familial factors influence the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Two cohorts were formed based on data from 1,212,295 men aged 18 years who were conscripted for military service in Sweden during 1972-1996. The first comprised 4,260 twin...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa060
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An epidemic of viral hepatitis type A in an arctic area is described. From 1970-1974, 4961 clinical cases of hepatitis were reported in Greenland, corresponding to 11 per cent of the total population. Epidemiologic surveillance indicated person-to-person transmission of the disease, apparently by the oralfecal route. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112366
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether caffeine intake during pregnancy is related to intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, and preterm birth remains unclear. The purpose of this population-based study is to assess these associations and to evaluate the interaction between caffeine intake and smoking. The study participants (n = 7,025)...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116763
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many epidemiologists have agreed that a refined estimate of the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) would need a sample size of about 200 cases and appropriate statistical methods enabling the inclusion of cases with defined periods of exposure. However, no such studies have been reported so ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj034
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A gene variant that increases disease risk will be overrepresented among diseased persons, even compared with their own biologic parents. This insight has led to tests based solely on the asymmetric distribution of a variant allele among cases and their parents (e.g., the transmission/disequilibrium test). Existing me...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009715
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Largely on the basis of results from meta-analyses of observational studies, postmenopausal estrogen was widely prescribed to prevent coronary heart disease. However, epidemiologic studies, no matter how consistent and coherent, are not sufficient to recommend mass preventive therapy to healthy women. In fact, all thr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm214
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outbreaks of respiratory tract illnesses (RTI) in adult humans during October and November 1975 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, were investigated by viral isolation and serologic procedures. The recovery of viral agents was enhanced by use of cell cultures in the field. Recoveries of parainfluenzaviruses types 1 and 3...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112857
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study is a regional epidemiologic study of congenital heart disease. Among Infants born in the study area in 1981 and 1982, 664 had a diagnosis of congenital heart disease confirmed in the first year of life by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, cardiac surgery, or autopsy. The ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113979
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence from animal and cell models suggests that pesticides cause a neurodegenerative process leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Human data are insufficient to support this claim for any specific pesticide, largely because of challenges in exposure assessment. The authors developed and validated an exposure assess...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp006
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, little is known about mortality associated with diabetes in Asia. Therefore, the authors followed 3,492 Chinese, Malay, and Asian Indian adults randomly selected from the general population in Singapore. Data on glucose tolerance, demographic characteristics, and other...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg199
更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of the Danish control program for enzootic bovine leukosis, three hematologic screenings of all cattle herds in Denmark were performed in the period 1969-1978. Herds with multiple cases of persistent lymphocytosis and/or leukotic tumors were classified as "leukosis herds." During nationwide blood testing, 369 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115505
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
