Abstract:
:Using data from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2009; n = 158,833 participants, of whom 84.1% were white, 9.2% were black, 4.1% were Hispanic, and 2.6% were Asian), we compared all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality rates in white, black, Hispanic, and Asian postmenopausal women with and without diabetes. Cox proportional hazard models were used for the comparison from which hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed. Within each racial/ethnic subgroup, women with diabetes had an approximately 2-3 times higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality than did those without diabetes. However, the hazard ratios for mortality outcomes were not significantly different between racial/ethnic subgroups. Population attributable risk percentages (PARPs) take into account both the prevalence of diabetes and hazard ratios. For all-cause mortality, whites had the lowest PARP (11.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.1, 12.1), followed by Asians (12.9, 95% CI: 4.7, 20.9), blacks (19.4, 95% CI: 15.0, 23.7), and Hispanics (23.2, 95% CI: 14.8, 31.2). To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that hazard ratios for mortality outcomes were not significantly different between racial/ethnic subgroups when stratified by diabetes status. Because of the "amplifying" effect of diabetes prevalence, efforts to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the rate of death from diabetes should focus on prevention of diabetes.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Ma Y,Hébert JR,Balasubramanian R,Wedick NM,Howard BV,Rosal MC,Liu S,Bird CE,Olendzki BC,Ockene JK,Wactawski-Wende J,Phillips LS,Lamonte MJ,Schneider KL,Garcia L,Ockene IS,Merriam PA,Sepavich DM,Mackey RH,Johnson KCdoi
10.1093/aje/kwt177subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-15 00:00:00pages
1533-41issue
10eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwt177journal_volume
178pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The observation that Hispanics have lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates despite increased rates of diabetes and obesity and lower socioeconomic status has been termed the "Hispanic paradox." The authors therefore examined the relation between ethnicity and mortality in 1,438 Mexican-American and 921 non...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg249
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite interest in the built food environment, little is known about the validity of commonly used secondary data. The authors conducted a comprehensive field census identifying the locations of all food outlets using a handheld global positioning system in 8 counties in South Carolina (2008-2009). Secondary data wer...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq292
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between anesthetic gas exposure and spontaneous abortion remains unresolved. We examined the effect of nitrous oxide on spontaneous abortion among female dental assistants. Questionnaires were sent to 7,000 dental assistants aged 18-39 years who were registered in California in 1987; 4,856 (69%) responded...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117468
更新日期:1995-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::A population-based case-control study of cancer and occupation was carried out in Montréal, Canada. Between 1979 and 1986, 449 pathologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer were interviewed, as well as 1,550 cancer controls and 533 population controls. Job histories were evaluated by a team of chemist/hygienists u...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008750
更新日期:1996-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Measures of socioeconomic status have been shown to be related positively to levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in white men and women and negatively in African American men. However, there is little information regarding the association between educational attainment and HDL fractions or apolipoprot...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009696
更新日期:1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the U-shaped relation between alcohol intake and health beyond findings related to cardiovascular disease. Medically certified sickness absence is a health indicator in which coronary heart disease is only a minor factor. To investigate the relation between alcohol intake and sickness absence, re...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf138
更新日期:2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Circumstances in which both randomized controlled trial and observational study data are available provide an important opportunity to identify biases and improve study design and analysis procedures. In addition, joint analyses of data from the two sources can extend clinical trial findings. The US Women's Health Ini...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj079
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although psychotropic drug use has been associated with increased risk of falls in long-term care settings; this association may be confounded by the high prevalence of dementia and depression and other fall risk factors. This question was addressed in a prospective cohort study of recurrent falls among 282 ambulatory...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117619
更新日期:1995-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The results of most case-control studies have suggested a positive association between eating frequency and colorectal cancer risk. Because no prospective cohort studies have done so to date, the authors prospectively examined this association. In 1992, eating frequency was assessed in a cohort of 34,968 US men in the...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr363
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does a rise in crime result in increased sitting time and a reduction in physical activity? We used unobserved ("fixed")-effects models to examine associations between change in objectively measured crime (nondomestic violence, malicious damage, breaking and entering, and stealing, theft, and robbery) in Australia and...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww106
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Left-truncated and interval-censored data, termed dynamic cohort data, arise in longitudinal studies with rolling admissions and only occasional follow-up. The authors compared four approaches for analyzing such data: a constant hazard model; maximum likelihood estimation with flexible parametric models; the midpoint ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.4.366
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable efforts have been made to identify the genetic basis of human longevity, with only limited progress. One important drawback of current genetic studies is the limited knowledge of gene-environment interaction. Using 2 cohorts of long-lived individuals born in 1905 and 1915 in Denmark, we performed survival...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa007
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proportion of parents aged ≥35 years at the birth of their child continues to increase, but long-term health consequences for these children are not fully understood. A recent prospective study of 110,999 adult women showed an association between paternal-but not maternal-age at birth and sporadic hematological ca...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu487
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic testing is recommended in women with "ovarian cancer symptoms." However, these symptoms are nonspecific. The ongoing Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer Early (DOVE) Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, provides diagnostic testing to women aged 50 years or older with symptoms lasting for more than 2 weeks and less than...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww086
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity (body mass index >or=30 kg/m(2)) is a growing urban health concern, but few studies have examined whether, how, or why obesity prevalence has changed over time within cities. This study characterized the individual- and neighborhood-level determinants and distribution of obesity in New York City from 2003 to 2...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp458
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single nucleotide polymorphism, - 160C-->A, has been identified in the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene and has been shown to alter its transcriptional activity. To assess susceptibility of -160A allele carriers to seven types of cancers, the authors conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis, up to November 2006...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm264
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied cancer prevalence and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. A comparison group of Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the same period ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009863
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between breast feeding and the risk of severe cholera was examined in a case-control study of rural Bangladeshi children under 36 months of age who were studied in 1985-1986 during a field trial of killed oral cholera vaccines. A total of 116 cases who were treated for severe cholera were compared with...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115515
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anal cancer has been hypothesized to be associated with a sexually transmitted agent and, more recently, with the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors used a descriptive incidence study to evaluate these hypotheses based on US data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) prog...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117073
更新日期:1994-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bias due to selective mortality is a potential concern in many studies and is especially relevant in cognitive aging research because cognitive impairment strongly predicts subsequent mortality. Biased estimation of the effect of an exposure on rate of cognitive decline can occur when mortality is a common effect of e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv451
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glioma risk has consistently been inversely associated with allergy history but not with smoking history despite putative biologic plausibility. Data from 855 high-grade glioma cases and 1,160 controls from 4 geographic regions of the United States during 1997-2008 were analyzed for interactions between allergy and sm...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr124
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the degree to which job and marital satisfaction and participation in leisure activities could predict concurrent and future health status relative to ethnicity, class and occupational factors, and mental health. Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of a random sample of 1034 Manhattan fami...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112231
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between psychosocial risk factors and retinal microvascular signs was examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Subjects were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Los Angeles County, California; New York, New York; and St. Paul, Minnesota. ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp414
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case-control study of women with cervical abnormalities identified through Pap smears, was conducted in the Bronx, New York, to explore the relationship between nutritional intake and cervical dysplasia. Nutrient intake was estimated from computer analysis of three-day food records and 24-hour recall for 169 study p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113243
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety-four strains of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus isolated from sentinel hamsters exposed in the Middle American countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras were examined for the presence of virions with marker characteristics of strains that cause large epidemics and equine epizootics. Thirty-four st...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113531
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two six-month randomized, controlled double-blind trials of the efficacy of virucidal nasal tissues in the prevention of natural colds were conducted in Charlottesville, Virginia, between 1983 and 1986. Tissues impregnated with malic and citric acids and sodium lauryl sulfate were used in both trials. Placebo tissues ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115059
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Barnes Hospital Employee Health Service (St. Louis, Missouri) rubella screening program was evaluated over the 5-year period between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1990. A total of 6,969 new employees were hired, and 6,115 (87.7%) were screened for evidence of rubella immunity by the Employee Health Service. Ru...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116913
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for a relation between physical activity and renal cell cancer has been inconsistent. The authors examined physical activity in relation to renal cell cancer in a large, prospective US cohort study of 482,386 participants (289,503 men and 192,883 women) aged 50-71 years at baseline (1995-1996). At baseline, p...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn102
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Over a two-year period an attempt was made to identify instances of transmission of rubella vaccine virus from rubella vaccinees to pregnant women in Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee. Approximately 24,000 children were immunized in a mass campaign at the outset of the study. Several prospective surveillance method...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112089
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A serologic survey in 1983-1984 evaluated the presence of hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) and hepatitis A immunoglobulin M antibody (anti-HAV IgM) in 3,251 adults and 811 children in the jungle and coastal areas of Peru. All subjects were asymptomatic. Adults had a 98% positive anti-HAV rate except for naval cadets, w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114354
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00