Abstract：
:Before the 1970s, today's older Americans were exposed to high levels of lead in the environment. The authors previously reported that lifetime cumulative lead dose was associated with lower cognitive test performance in older adults. Experiments suggest that environmental stress may intensify the detrimental influence of lead. No large, population-based studies of this question have been done. The authors evaluated whether cross-sectional associations of tibia lead with cognitive function were modified by neighborhood psychosocial hazards in the Baltimore Memory Study (2001-2005), a longitudinal cohort study of determinants of cognitive decline. Tibia lead was measured via (109)Cd-induced K-shell X-ray fluorescence. Neighborhood psychosocial hazards were measured independently of study subjects. Complete data were available among 1,001 demographically diverse adults aged 50-70 years, randomly selected from 65 contiguous neighborhoods in Baltimore City. Hierarchical mixed-effects regression models showed that neighborhood psychosocial hazards exacerbated the adverse associations of tibia lead in 3 of 7 cognitive domains after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, testing technician, and time of day (language, P = 0.039; processing speed, P = 0.067; executive functioning, P = 0.025). The joint occurrence of environmental stress and lead exposure across the life span may partially explain persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in cognitive function in late life.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Glass TA,Bandeen-Roche K,McAtee M,Bolla K,Todd AC,Schwartz BSdoi
10.1093/aje/kwn390subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-15 00:00:00pages
683-92issue
6eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwn390journal_volume
169pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Few studies have examined the role of endogenous sex hormones in breast cancer, and to the authors' knowledge, only two have done so prospectively. The authors report here the results of a prospective study based on an available bank of previously analyzed plasma collected in 1972-1974 from 442 women aged 50-79 years ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116228
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the prevalence of cysticercosis in a rural area where the disease is endemic, the authors studied the seroepidemiology of human and porcine cysticercosis in a Peruvian jungle community (Maceda, Peru) in 1988 using an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Of the 371 sampled inhabitants, 30...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116383
更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the relationship of smoking to breast cancer risk, the authors conducted a case-control study involving 1,547 patients and 1,930 controls identified between 1973 and 1980 through a nationwide screening program. There was no evidence that smoking affected risk (relative risk (RR) = 1.2), nor were there a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114281
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that a G-to-T transition in exon 2 of the factor XIIIA gene resulting in a substitution of leucine for valine at amino acid 34 (FXIII Val34Leu) protects against venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the evidence to date is insufficient to incorporate testing for the FXIII Val34Leu variant into c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj179
更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To further our understanding of the relation between mood and menopause, the authors examined 1) the association between persistent mood symptoms and menopausal status and 2) factors that increase a woman's vulnerability to an overall dysphoric mood during the early perimenopausal period. The sample consisted of an et...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg155
更新日期：2003-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several investigators have documented the effect of temperature on mortality, although fewer have studied its impact on morbidity. In addition, little is known about the effectiveness of mitigation strategies such as use of air conditioners (ACs). The authors investigated the association between temperature and hospit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq231
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are few published examples of absolute risk estimated from epidemiologic data subject to censoring and competing risks with adjustment for multiple confounders. We present an example estimating the effect of injection drug use on 6-year risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) after initiation of combin...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu122
更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there has been a rapid rise in the publication of meta-analyses of genetic association studies, little is known about their methodological quality. The authors reviewed the quality of 120 randomly selected genetic meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2007. Data extracted included issues of general relevan...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp350
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential role of psychological stress in pancreatic cancer has rarely been investigated in epidemiologic studies. During 1991-2009, we conducted a nested case-control study based on Swedish national population and health registers to investigate whether severe psychological stress induced by the death of a child ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt045
更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, the authors present an objective system to evaluate interviewer performance for use in epidemiologic studies. With this quality control system, all study interviews are audio-taped, and a random sample of interviews are coded according to interviewer behaviors, such as whether the interviewer asked the ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117192
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four random samples representing populations at low (volunteer blood donors), intermediate, (VD clinic patients), high (family contacts of chronic antigen carriers) and very high (male homosexuals) risk of exposure to HBV were surveyed. Among HBsAg and anti-HBs negative individuals an average of 3.3% were found to be ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112298
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical functioning measures are considered integrated markers of the aging process. This prospective investigation examined relations between dietary intake of women at midlife in 1996-1997 and prevalence of physical functioning limitations 4 years later, defined by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36. The samp...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm397
更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The NHLBI Family Heart Study is a multicenter, population-based study of genetic and nongenetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors. In phase I, 2,000 randomly selected participants and 2,000 with family histories of CHD were identified among 14,592 middle-age...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008709
更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Infectious transmission of streptococci in families has been demonstrated to follow Greenwood's chain-binomial model in its simplest form which did not need beta transformation to correct for differences in susceptibility between families. Following the application of this model, an estimate of the risk of acquisition...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112677
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From July 1, 1980 to December 2, 1982, all individuals at autopsy at the University of Michigan Medical Center greater than or equal to 65 years of age and selected individuals less than 65 years of age were examined for neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Sections of the hippocampal, parahippocampal tempora...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113897
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas the feasibility and effectiveness of Internet-based epidemiologic research have been established, methodological support for the quality of such data is still accumulating. We aimed to identify sociodemographic differences among members of a French cohort according to willingness to provide part of one's 15-di...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt431
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews the historical background and the theoretical development of models for the analysis of data from capture-recapture or multiple-record systems for estimating the size of closed populations. The models and methods were originally developed for use in fisheries and wildlife biology and were later adap...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiology has a rich tradition in western New York State, beginning with the classic study by Austin Flint of a waterborne typhoid fever outbreak in North Boston in 1843. Other important investigations included the study of the Buffalo poliomyelitis epidemic of 1912, by Wade Hampton Frost, which provided a comprehe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009215
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When researching racial disparities in health, residential segregation cannot be ignored. Because of segregation, contextual differences by race are so pronounced that ignoring them may lead to mis-estimating the effect of individual-level factors. However, given the stark racial separation of social contexts, researc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn290
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the independent and combined associations of physical activity and obesity with incident type 2 diabetes among 675,496 Korean men from the database of the National Health Insurance Corporation. During an average follow-up of 7.5 years (1996-2005), 52,995 men developed type 2 diabetes. Men with ove...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr471
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most, but not all, studies in Western countries have indicated that women have a higher mortality than men after an acute myocardial infarction, but this has not been well documented in the developing world. The authors studied 601 male and 294 female myocardial infarction patients, aged 26-94 years, admitted to a cit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117059
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A few epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk of death from external causes among men with hypertension. Previous studies were limited by small numbers of events, however, and none assessed the association of blood pressure with specific types of "accidental" death. The authors examined data obtained from b...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwk014
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observational studies and randomized controlled trials of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) and chronic disease risk appear to have divergent results for cardiovascular disease. However, differences may be related to a modifying effect of age, time since menopause, and HT formulation. In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx131
更新日期：2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate whether greater intakes of calcium, vitamin D, or milk products may protect against ischemic heart disease mortality, the authors analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of 34,486 postmenopausal Iowa women 55-69 years old and without a history of ischemic heart disease who completed a dietary ques...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009781
更新日期：1999-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine neonatal outcomes among women who had depressive and anxiety disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy in a population-based sample. Participants were 1,465 women and their neonates born at two obstetric clinics in Sweden. The inclusion period for the women was October 2...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh122
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoking is irrefutably the strongest risk factor for lung cancer; however, approximately 25% of cases worldwide occur among nonsmokers. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of lung cancer in Shanghai, a region where relatively few women smoke cigarettes, is one of the highest in the world. To help further ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn257
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare risk factor patterns in association with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The data were collected from The Swedish Medical Birth Register and include all nulliparas aged 34 years or less who gave birth at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden, duri...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009400
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal genetic variation may serve as a biomarker in studies aimed at clarifying fetal determinants of infant or adult disease. The log-linear approach to case-parent triad data (LCPT) can be used to investigate maternal genetic polymorphisms in relation to offspring disease risk, but LCPT operating characteristics ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi021
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113415
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early detection of subjects at high risk of developing dementia is essential. By dealing with censoring and competing risk of death, we developed a score for predicting 10-year dementia risk by combining cognitive tests, and we assessed whether inclusion of cognitive change over the previous year increased its discrim...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu202
更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
