Abstract：
:The ratio of cancer occurrence among smokers compared to nonsmokers has been generally reported to be greatest for carcinomas arising in the lung and larynx. This report presents the results of an investigation into mechanisms underlying the temporal trends in the incidence of these two forms of cancer in Scotland over the 20-year period, 1960-1979. The purpose of the study was to establish the independent effects of age, calendar time, and birth cohort on the observed pattern of incidence by adopting an alternative approach to this classical problem which can be employed when data are available as individual records. The most economic model found to explain the data involved the independent effects of site, sex, and age and different cohort effects in each sex. The cohort effect was more pronounced in men than women in older cohorts but, conversely, stronger in women than in men in younger cohorts, i.e., among those born most recently. This observation accords with the observed increase in the use of cigarettes in young women relative to young men. There appeared to be a small effect of calendar time which was the same in both sexes and both sites, although this main effect, it must be emphasized, could be eliminated from the model on statistical grounds. The effect can be interpreted to indicate the increase in the coverage of cancer registration in Scotland which has taken place since 1960. These results indicate that lung cancer risk in Scottish males will continue to fall, with the risk in women lagging 20 years behind, although the levels in women will probably not reach those attained by men.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Boyle P,Robertson Cdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114585subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-04-01 00:00:00pages
731-44issue
4eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:An epidemic of viral hepatitis type A in an arctic area is described. From 1970-1974, 4961 clinical cases of hepatitis were reported in Greenland, corresponding to 11 per cent of the total population. Epidemiologic surveillance indicated person-to-person transmission of the disease, apparently by the oralfecal route. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112366
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, especially folate, calcium, iron, and antioxidant vitamins, affect the risk of colorectal neoplasia. The objective of this case-control study was to examine the association between these micronutrients and the risk of colorectal adenomas. The study was based on 236 cases wit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008871
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors modeled the possible consequences for US cataract incidence of increases in ultraviolet B radiation due to ozone depletion. Data on the dose-response relation between ocular exposure to ultraviolet B radiation and cortical cataract were derived from a population-based study (the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Pr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi329
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between January 1983 and December 1986, a total of 376 mothers living in Godthaab and Thule, Greenland, were asked about their average weekly intake of marine food. The blood methylmercury concentrations of mothers and offspring were measured. Mean methylmercury concentrations in infants were found to be 40 percent hi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115660
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between anesthetic gas exposure and spontaneous abortion remains unresolved. We examined the effect of nitrous oxide on spontaneous abortion among female dental assistants. Questionnaires were sent to 7,000 dental assistants aged 18-39 years who were registered in California in 1987; 4,856 (69%) responded...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117468
更新日期：1995-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117029
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116826
更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of 66,663 female US registered nurses who were premenopausal in 1976. Over a two-year period, 5004 women became post-menopausal. Current smokers were more...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113598
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new viral agent, isolated from the serum of an infectious hepatitis patient and designated as Agent II-B, was extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo systems. Agent II-B multiplied well in primary and serial animal cell cultures and in embryonated hen's eggs. Quantal and quantitative infectivity assays were perf...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112715
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of DNA fingerprinting techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to attempts to estimate the extent of recent transmission in populations, using the assumption that groups of tuberculosis patients with identical isolates ("clusters") are likely to reflect recently acquired infections. It is nev...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009822
更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevalent biologic specimens can be used to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using a two-stage immunologic testing algorithm that hinges on the average time, T, between testing HIV-positive on highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays and testing HIV-positive on less sensitive enzyme immunoassays. Comm...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj344
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws192
更新日期：2012-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg117
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwh055
更新日期：2004-02-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/141.4.322
更新日期：1995-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi021
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn395
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp460
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112625
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116177
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
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更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
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更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnostic and epidemiologic significance of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) detected by complement fixation was studied in a sample of 412 healthy persons, 0-70 years old of both sexes living in the Athens area. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections was found to be very high (26.5%)...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112498
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a case-control study, matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many confounders, should theoretically result in greater precision than matching on only a few confounders; however, this has not been investigated. We simulated 1,000 hypothetical cohorts with a binary exposure, a time-to-event outcome, a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwv269
更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study of two communities in Massachusetts showed that a group of high school sophomores exposed to 107 mg/liter sodium in their municipal drinking water had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than a control group exposed to 8 mg/liter. The present study was undertaken to determine if ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113252
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the reasons for the recent decline in coronary heart disease death rates in New Zealand, a register of definite myocardial infarction and sudden death was established in the Auckland region (1981 population 829,464). Both routine and nonroutine case finding sources were used and event rates for the 12 month...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113884
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
