Abstract:
:Two six-month randomized, controlled double-blind trials of the efficacy of virucidal nasal tissues in the prevention of natural colds were conducted in Charlottesville, Virginia, between 1983 and 1986. Tissues impregnated with malic and citric acids and sodium lauryl sulfate were used in both trials. Placebo tissues contained saccharin in the first trial and a mixture including succinic acid in the second. A total of 186 families were evaluable after completion of trial I, and 98 families were evaluable in trial II. The antiviral tissues were associated with 14 and 5% relative reductions in the overall rate of colds in the first and second trials, respectively. In the first study, this appeared to be due to an appropriate fall in secondary illnesses with a relative reduction in the ratio of secondary to primary illnesses of 32%. In trial II, however, the small and statistically insignificant reduction was primarily due to a drop in the rate of primary illness (which cannot be attributed to tissue efficacy), and the ratio of secondary to primary illness was actually 5% higher in the group with active tissues than in the placebo group. We conclude that when rigorously used in a study protocol, virucidal tissues may offer a modest reduction of secondary colds in the home, but for reasons currently unknown, do not have a major effect on the overall rate of colds.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Farr BM,Hendley JO,Kaiser DL,Gwaltney JMdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115059subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-11-01 00:00:00pages
1162-72issue
5eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
128pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic-a new signal-detection method-can evaluate whether any of a wide variety of health outcomes are temporally associated with receipt of a specific vaccine, while adjusting for multiple testing. Neither health outcomes nor postvaccination potential periods of increased ris...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy023
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin is an important regulator of the mass of adipose tissue and of body weight; it operates by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Some polymorphic genes involved in the regulation of leptin-the leptin gene (LEP A19G), the leptin receptor gene (LEPR Q223R, K109R, and K656N), and the peroxisom...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi174
更新日期:2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relation of dietary factors and physical activity to hyperinsulinemia was examined in 389 men aged 70-89 years who participated in the Zutphen Elderly Study in 1990. Information about the usual diet was obtained using a cross-check dietary history, and habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated ques...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117257
更新日期:1994-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leads to alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis and function that might produce a decrease in mtDNA content within cells. This implies that mtDNA content might be a potential biomarker associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, data on correlates of...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv175
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of injury data requires different considerations from the analysis of other types of outcomes because an individual can experience the outcome many times. When describing injury patterns using numerator-only data (e.g., proportion of upper-extremity injuries vs. lower-extremity injuries), simple compariso...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp265
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Androgens have an extensive influence on brain development in regions of the brain that are relevant for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet their etiological involvement remains unclear. Hypospadias (abnormal positioning of the urethral opening) and cryptorchidism (undescended testes) are 2 relatively common male bir...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors compared US motor vehicle and motorcycle mortality rates during periods when each of several alcohol-related laws were in effect with mortality rates during other periods. During the period 1980-1997, there were 792,184 deaths due to motor vehicle crashes and 63,052 deaths due to motorcycle crashes. An est...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwf186
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::One measure of the severity of a pandemic influenza outbreak at the individual level is the risk of death among people infected by the new virus. However, there are complications in estimating both the numerator and denominator. Regarding the numerator, statistical estimates of the excess deaths associated with influe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws314
更新日期:2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a 1994-1998 cross-sectional study of a multiethnic sample of 2,211 men and women in San Diego, California, the authors estimated prevalence of the major manifestations of chronic venous disease: spider veins, varicose veins, trophic changes, and edema by visual inspection; superficial and deep functional disease (r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg166
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113871
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 1946-2005, vaccine-preventable diseases were the topic of approximately 20% of all epidemic-assistance investigations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Both in the United States and abroad, current and former Epidemic Intelligence Service officers have played a critical role in describing the e...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr306
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that a G-to-T transition in exon 2 of the factor XIIIA gene resulting in a substitution of leucine for valine at amino acid 34 (FXIII Val34Leu) protects against venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the evidence to date is insufficient to incorporate testing for the FXIII Val34Leu variant into c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj179
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::To examine whether intakes of wine, beer, spirits, and total alcohol are associated with the risk of common cold, in 1998-1999 the authors analyzed data from a cohort study carried out in a population of 4,272 faculty and staff of five Spanish universities. Usual alcohol intake was assessed at baseline by means of a s...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/155.9.853
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between the risk of breast cancer before 45 years of age and oral contraceptive use was examined in a case-control study conducted in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston from 1983 to 1986 of 407 patients with breast cancer and 424 controls. With allowance for confounding, for ever use, the multi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115132
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of a case-control study in Toronto, Canada, demonstrated a two-fold risk of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix among current smokers relative to women who had never smoked. This significant effect of smoking was not diminished by simultaneously adjusting for age, education, and indices of sexua...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113279
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the historical background and the theoretical development of models for the analysis of data from capture-recapture or multiple-record systems for estimating the size of closed populations. The models and methods were originally developed for use in fisheries and wildlife biology and were later adap...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although past studies have shown that oral contraceptives with 50 microg or more of estrogen reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, it is not clear whether newer, lower-dose formulations do as well. We conducted a population-based, case-control study in the Delaware Valley to assess the impact of dose of oral contraceptio...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/152.3.233
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report evaluates a method for the determination of the maximal velocity of the outward sodium, potassium, chlorine (Na-K-Cl) cotransport in erythrocytes. The loading procedure was carried out using the ionophore nystatin. The technical error for this assay, based on concurrent analysis of randomized blind ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114602
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term exposures to the stress and stimulation of different work, parenting, and partnership combinations might influence later life cognition. We investigated the relationship between women's work-family life histories and cognitive functioning in later life. Analyses were based on data from women born between 193...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa042
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-07-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113531
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Semen quality has been suggested to be a biological marker of long-term morbidity and mortality; however, few studies have been conducted on this subject. We identified 5,370 men seen for infertility at Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, during 1977-2010, and 4,712 of these men were followed in the Danish National Patie...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx067
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::State Medicaid programs collectively cover more than 70 million people, and are the largest single payer for pregnancy and delivery in the United States. In this issue, Margerison et al. (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX) investigate the extent to which Medicaid expansions to non-pregnant low-income adults under...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality studies have indicated that workers in agriculture and forestry may be at increased risk of leukemia. Findings are reported from a New Zealand Cancer Registry-based case-control study involving 546 male leukemia patients registered during 1979-1983 and aged 20 years or more at time of registration. Controls ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114410
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors conducted a simulation study to examine whether the race of a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) influences the diagnosis of underlying kidney disease made by the nephrologist. The hypothesis was that ESRD may be more readily ascribed to hypertension in blacks than in whites. Nephrologists practic...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117338
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors utilize an analytic strategy that combines tree-based analyses with the method of Mantel-Haenszel to evaluate the association of 11 putative risk factors to spontaneous abortion by controlling for 19 potential confounders. Logistic regression is also used for comparison. The data for this study were collec...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::During 1979, an outbreak of mixed enterovirus infections occurred in Kansas City and adjacent communities. Sixty-six enteroviruses and 7 adenoviruses were recovered from 73 persons in a survey hospital population. Twenty-eight persons yielded echovirus type 11, 22, echovirus type 6, and 16 either echovirus type 9 or C...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe an approach to the analysis of case-control studies in which the exposure variables are continuous, i.e., quantitative variables, and one wishes neither to categorize levels of the exposure variable nor to assume a log-linear relation between level of exposure and disease risk. A dose-response ass...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008970
更新日期:1996-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many epidemiologists have agreed that a refined estimate of the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) would need a sample size of about 200 cases and appropriate statistical methods enabling the inclusion of cases with defined periods of exposure. However, no such studies have been reported so ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00