Abstract:
:The authors conducted a simulation study to examine whether the race of a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) influences the diagnosis of underlying kidney disease made by the nephrologist. The hypothesis was that ESRD may be more readily ascribed to hypertension in blacks than in whites. Nephrologists practicing in Maryland during 1991 were sent written case histories based on the presentation of seven patients with ESRD. For each case history, the patient's race was randomly assigned to be "black" or "white." The nephrologist's diagnosis of underlying renal disease was recorded as "hypertensive" or "other." Analysis of 197 case histories from 58 physicians (81% of those eligible) was performed using logistic regression. The distribution of underlying causes of ESRD in the case histories was similar to national statistics: hypertensive ESRD, 34%; diabetic ESRD, 30%; glomerulonephritis, 11%; other, 16%; unknown, 10%. Case histories that identified the patient's race as black were more likely (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.68) to result in a diagnosis of hypertensive ESRD than case histories in which the patient's race was said to be white, after adjustment for case history. Analyses that accounted for the physicians' individual tendencies to diagnose hypertensive ESRD yielded similar results. These findings suggest that black ESRD patients may be more likely to be labeled as having hypertensive kidney disease than white ESRD patients with similar clinical histories. Using race as a criterion to establish diagnoses of kidney disease may obscure the interpretation of incidence statistics, affect the management of individual patients, and hinder epidemiologic studies of risk factors for kidney failure. Definition of clear diagnostic criteria for the underlying cause of kidney failure is highly desirable.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Perneger TV,Whelton PK,Klag MJ,Rossiter KAdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117338subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
10-5issue
1eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
141pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The authors evaluated risk factors potentially associated with the development of popliteal artery atherosclerosis in a population-based study and compared them with factors linked to carotid wall intimal-medial thickness. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a longitudinal investigation of cardiova...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009929
更新日期:1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated the association between maternal preconceptional supplemental and dietary zinc intake and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a population-based case-control study conducted between 1989 and 1991 in California. Cases were 430 NTD-affected fetuses/infants, and controls were 429 randomly selec...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010059
更新日期:1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::From 1996 to 2001, the authors undertook a case-control study of 192 pelvis fracture cases (men and women) and 2,402 controls aged > or = 45 years at five Kaiser Permanente medical centers in Northern California. Most information on potential risk factors was obtained by means of an interviewer-administered questionna...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi295
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dosemeci et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132:746-8) gave examples in which nondifferential misclassification of exposure reversed the direction of a trend. Gilbert (Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134:440-1) proposed that these examples occurred because the errors in exposure were systematic, and she pointed out that the relation b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117283
更新日期:1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Breast arterial calcification (BAC) has been associated with diabetes and hypertension. This prompted the authors to study the relation between BAC and cardiovascular mortality in a cohort of 12,239 women aged 50-68 years who participated in a population-based breast cancer screening project (DOM Project) in Utrecht, ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009455
更新日期:1998-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to compare estimates from two quasi-induced exposure methods of the effects of driver- and vehicle-related conditions on the risk of causing a road crash for drivers of vehicles with four or more wheels. From the Spanish register of road crashes with victims, the authors selected, for 1993-2002...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj015
更新日期:2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic research that uses administrative records (rather than registries or clinical surveys) to identify cases for study has been increasingly restricted because of concerns about privacy, making unbiased population-based research less practicable. In their article, Nattinger et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(6...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq219
更新日期:2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The performance of three approximate confidence limit methods for the odds ratio, R, is studied at the 95% level in the unconditional sample space. There are: the method proposed by Cornfield (Proceedings of the 3rd Berkeley Symposium 1956;4:135-48), the logit method with 1/2 corrections first considered by Woolf (Ann...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113323
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Family studies of exceptional longevity can potentially identify genetic and other factors contributing to long life and healthy aging. Although such studies seek families that are exceptionally long lived, they also need living members who can provide DNA and phenotype information. On the basis of these consideration...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwp309
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of 66,663 female US registered nurses who were premenopausal in 1976. Over a two-year period, 5004 women became post-menopausal. Current smokers were more...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113598
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population-based cohort of 166 twin pairs (67 monozygotic and 99 dizygotic) born at the Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Medical Center, from July 1, 1976 to December 31, 1980 was identified. Body weight and length were measured at 14 days and at one, three, six, nine, and 12 months of age. Statisticall...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114730
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113415
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 40,000 blood samples drawn in 1968-1972 by the Social Insurance Institution's mobile clinic in Finland have been stored. Linking cancer incidence data obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry with this material yielded 32 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed after drawing of the blood sample. These 32 ind...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116656
更新日期:1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of adult health risks from exposures that occurred in childhood may require case-control studies in which subjects who are now adults are asked to provide information that might be more accurately provided by their parents. The quality of parental smoking and drinking histories provided by adult offspring w...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114453
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a case-control study, matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many confounders, should theoretically result in greater precision than matching on only a few confounders; however, this has not been investigated. We simulated 1,000 hypothetical cohorts with a binary exposure, a time-to-event outcome, a...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv269
更新日期:2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) have been characterized as "protective" against ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially in men, on the basis of sparse epidemiologic evidence. The authors used data from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a random sample prospective study of 1...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.1.79
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Associations between metabolic syndrome components and prevalent ischemic heart disease (IHD) were investigated in a cross-sectional, community-based study of elderly men (n = 1,015) and women (n = 1,259) in Rancho Bernardo, California, in 1984-1987. In both sexes, there were significant positive associations between ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.481
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periconceptional intake of folic acid prevents some neural tube defects (NTDs). Other nutrients may also contribute to NTD etiologies; a likely candidate is choline. Similar to folic acid, choline is involved in one-carbon metabolism for methylation of homocysteine to methionine. The authors investigated whether mater...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh187
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper addresses the use of epidemiologic evidence when a cluster becomes the focus of dispute in court. It is often difficult to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that an exposure for which a defendant is responsible caused the disease or diseases at issue. Thus, in a number of cases plaintiffs have resort...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115793
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in young children indicates recent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. We reviewed surveillance reports of children with LTBI to assess whether more follow-up is needed to prevent TB in this high-risk population. Data on all children under 5 years of age who were report...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwx354
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persons whose body fat is distributed predominantly in the abdomen compared with the hips are at increased risk of several chronic diseases. This study examined the cross-sectional relation of percent body fat, computed from skinfold thickness, and fat distribution, measured by the waist-to-hip girth ratio, to physiol...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115424
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although coronary heart disease (CHD) is currently the leading cause of death among American Indians, information on the prevalence of CHD and its association with known cardiovascular risk factors is limited. The Strong Heart Study was initiated in 1988 to quantify cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among th...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117632
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescent oxidation products in plasma are stable with routine blood collection methods and reflect oxidation in food, animals, and in vitro. Whether plasma fluorescent oxidation products predict future coronary heart disease has not been established. Among US men without cardiovascular disease who provided blood sp...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm120
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of the Journal, Ghiasvand et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(3):147-156) present results from a longitudinal study of the association between indoor tanning and melanoma in a large cohort of Norwegian women. These new data further support previous findings on the damaging effects of tanning bed exposure on...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww149
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing vitamin and mineral supplement use is important because supplement use per se is an exposure of interest for the risk of several chronic diseases and because supplements contribute a large proportion of total (diet plus supplement) micronutrient intake, another important exposure in epidemiologic research. U...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/148.7.643
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors examined the relation between 50 widely used agricultural pesticides and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 57,284 pesticide applicators and 32,333 spouses of farmer applicators with no prior history of lung cancer. Self-administered questionnaires were co...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh290
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1983 and December 1986, a total of 376 mothers living in Godthaab and Thule, Greenland, were asked about their average weekly intake of marine food. The blood methylmercury concentrations of mothers and offspring were measured. Mean methylmercury concentrations in infants were found to be 40 percent hi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115660
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Work-related aircraft crashes are the leading cause of occupational fatality in Alaska, with civilian pilots having the highest fatality rate (410/100,000/year). To identify factors affecting survivability, the authors examined work-related aircraft crashes that occurred in Alaska in the 1990s (1990-1999), comparing c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/154.11.1037
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors sought to assess the reliability and validity of two motion activity sensors in the prediction of observed physical activity levels in adults and children by means of two studies at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota. In study 1, 50 adults were observed in fall 1984 for one hour of recrea...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114121
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior reports regarding the association between physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease have not been consistent. The authors assessed physical activity and walking pace via questionnaire among 6,482 US adults aged 45-84 years without prior clinical cardiovascular disease participating in the Multi-Et...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn350
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00