Abstract：
:To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of 66,663 female US registered nurses who were premenopausal in 1976. Over a two-year period, 5004 women became post-menopausal. Current smokers were more likely than past or never smokers to develop menopause, although the effects of smoking diminished with age. The rate ratios of menopause for current smokers vs. never smokers (with 95% confidence limits) for women aged 30-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-55 years were 1.90 (1.10-3.28), 2.16 (1.73-2.69), 1.53 (1.41-1.67), and 1.20 (1.12-1.28). These rate ratios were not appreciably affected by adjustment for relative weight. Median ages at menopause were 52.4 for never smokers and 51.9, 51.0, 50.7, and 50.4 years for women who currently smoked 1-14, 15-24, 25-34, and 35 or more cigarettes per day. A crude linear relationship between relative weight and occurrence of menopause was observed. Comparing the leanest and heaviest quintiles, rate ratios for menopause among women aged 30-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-55 years were 1.42 (0.74-2.75), 1.26 (0.95-1.69), 1.25 (1.13-1.41) and 1.08 (0.99-1.19). The effect of relative weight was in part explained by the tendency of current smokers to weigh less than nonsmokers. After adjustment for current cigarette consumption a weak linear relationship between relative weight and menopause remained among women who smoked, although no such association was seen among nonsmokers.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Willett W,Stampfer MJ,Bain C,Lipnick R,Speizer FE,Rosner B,Cramer D,Hennekens CHdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113598subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-06-01 00:00:00pages
651-8issue
6eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The link between blood pressure measured at juvenile ages (3-18 years) and subsequent adult ages (30 and 50 years) was investigated in a community-based longitudinal study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area from 1928 to the present. The original sample of 550 persons decreased 61 percent by age 50 years, leaving ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116543
更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the association between the use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and the risk of subsequent fatal breast cancer in a large prospective study of US adults. After 9 years of follow-up, 1,574 cases of fatal breast cancer were observed among 501,536 gravid women who reported no prior history of ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008976
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A propensity score (PS) model's ability to control confounding can be assessed by evaluating covariate balance across exposure groups after PS adjustment. The optimal strategy for evaluating a disease risk score (DRS) model's ability to control confounding is less clear. DRS models cannot be evaluated through balance ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx032
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One frequently analyzes a subset of the data collected in a survey when interest focuses on individuals in a certain subpopulation of the sampled population. Although it may seem natural to eliminate from the data set all data from individuals outside the subpopulation before analysis, this procedure may yield incorre...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008847
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the possible association between body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) and hospitalization or treatment for acute infection in a prospective cohort study. We linked 75,001 women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 1996 to 2002, who had information on BMI and a broad range of co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwv300
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies have associated insecticides used for spruce budworm control with Reye's syndrome. In Maine, spruce budworm insecticide spraying began in 1954, and an annual spray program was started in 1972. Reye's syndrome incidence information (1978-1982), obtained from hospital discharge data, death certificates, and repo...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114440
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic allows detection of potential vaccine- or drug-associated adverse events without prespecifying the specific events or postexposure risk intervals of concern. It thus opens a promising new avenue for safety studies. The method has been successfully used to evaluate the s...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwz104
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prevalence survey of respiratory diseases was conducted in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with the objective of explaining differing patterns of respiratory disease epidemiology in Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites (Anglos). The study population was selected at random from the 1978 R.L. Polk & Co. Directory. This paper foc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113512
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the prevalence of congenital malformations among births in Benton and Franklin counties, in southeastern Washington State, from 1968 through 1980. The Hanford Site is in this area and serves as a major employer. In addition, various agriculturally and chemically related activities are in the area....
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114800
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ninety-four strains of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus isolated from sentinel hamsters exposed in the Middle American countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras were examined for the presence of virions with marker characteristics of strains that cause large epidemics and equine epizootics. Thirty-four st...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113531
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A retrospective review of autopsy records was performed to evaluate a clustering of patients shown to have invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during the period July 1, 1978 through October 31, 1980 at Milwaukee County Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. During this period, ten patients, all of whom were immunosuppress...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113427
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Moderate-intensity exercise has attracted considerable attention because of its safety and many health benefits. Tai Chi, a form of mind-body exercise that originated in ancient China, has been gaining popularity. Practicing Tai Chi may improve overall health and well-being; however, to our knowledge, no study has eva...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt050
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Production of synthetic rubber involves exposure to several potentially harmful chemicals. The authors carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of workers in the rubber-producing industry. Data were obtained from computerized literature searches of several databases from their inception thro...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj252
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the risk of another cancer among persons who initially developed Kaposi's sarcoma, the authors used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute for the years 1973-1990. In persons under 70 years of age, 4,946 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were obser...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117008
更新日期：1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This population-based case-referent study investigated the lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, focusing on dose-response relations and the interaction with tobacco smoking. Incident cases of lung cancer among males aged 40-75 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were identified from 1985 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.11.1016
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterogeneous exposure associations (HEAs) can be defined as differences in the association of an exposure with an outcome among subgroups that differ by a set of characteristics. In this article, we intend to foster discussion of HEAs in the epidemiologic literature and present a variant of the random forest algorith...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwz218
更新日期：2020-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1982-1984 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey used ultrasonography to investigate risk factors for gallstone disease (gallstones or cholecystectomy). Mexican American, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican men (n = 968) and women (n = 1,325) aged 20-74 years were selected from household samples in nine sta...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115574
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a case-control study conducted in 1978 in Detroit, Michigan, as part of the National Bladder Cancer Study, the proportions of artificial sweetener users in a hospital and a population control series were compared. The study was based on interviews with 305 hospital controls and 440 population controls, as well as 3...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113545
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A population-based case-control study of cancer and occupation was carried out in Montréal, Canada. Between 1979 and 1986, 449 pathologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer were interviewed, as well as 1,550 cancer controls and 533 population controls. Job histories were evaluated by a team of chemist/hygienists u...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008750
更新日期：1996-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza is a significant problem within hospitals, leading to extended hospital stays, excess morbidity and mortality, and economic loss. Prevention and control strategies are generally "bundled"; therefore, the individual effects of particular strategies and the value of combined strategies cannot be determined dir...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwv293
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If interviewers' personal habits or attitudes influence respondents' answers to given questions, this may lead to bias, which should be taken into consideration when analyzing data. The authors examined a potential interviewer effect in a study of pregnant women in which exposure data were obtained through computer-as...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.1.95
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabies virus was isolated by cell culture from the brains of 104 confirmed rabies cases diagnosed by the fluorescent-antibody staining technique in the United States during 1974-1984. Eighty-seven isolates were obtained from wild-life species, 10 from humans, and seven from domestic animals. These isolates were tested...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/126.2.298
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors assessed the relation between cigarette smoking and nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease in a case-control study of 124 cases of ulcerative colitis, 109 cases of Crohn's disease, and 250 age- and sex-matched control subjects in hospital for acute nongastric or intestinal conditions unrelated to smoking. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114550
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted a simulation study to examine whether the race of a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) influences the diagnosis of underlying kidney disease made by the nephrologist. The hypothesis was that ESRD may be more readily ascribed to hypertension in blacks than in whites. Nephrologists practic...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117338
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In November 1986, a statewide outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Washington State was identified after a physician in an eastern Washington community hospitalized three patients with hemorrhagic colitis which progressed to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Epidemiologic investigation identified 37 c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115653
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal angiogenic factors (placental growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), and soluble endoglin) may be associated with fetal growth restriction, and the associations may differ according to stage of pregnancy. Among children born to pregnant women without preeclampsia in Norway between 1992 and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq373
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Outbreaks of respiratory tract illnesses (RTI) in adult humans during October and November 1975 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, were investigated by viral isolation and serologic procedures. The recovery of viral agents was enhanced by use of cell cultures in the field. Recoveries of parainfluenzaviruses types 1 and 3...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112857
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a 1994-1998 cross-sectional study of a multiethnic sample of 2,211 men and women in San Diego, California, the authors estimated prevalence of the major manifestations of chronic venous disease: spider veins, varicose veins, trophic changes, and edema by visual inspection; superficial and deep functional disease (r...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg166
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some reports indicate that exposure to specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners is related to breast cancer risk. The authors recruited participants in a case-control study from October 1994 to March 1997 to assess the relation between breast cancer risk and concentrations of 14 PCB congeners measured in plas...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.7.629
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined relative hazards for mortality and functional limitations according to poor self-ratings of health using prospective data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, a representative sample of US adults aged 25-74 years that has been followed since the First National Health and Nutrition Exami...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/152.9.874
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
