Abstract：
:Case-control differences in prediagnostic serum levels of retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium are compared for 10 cancer sites in 10 study populations. For all four nutrients, the majority of results showed lower levels among persons who subsequently became cases than among controls. Low levels of beta-carotene were most likely to be associated with subsequent cancer, but there were marked differences by cancer site. The results indicate that it is unlikely that any of these serum micronutrients are associated with protection against carcinogenesis at all sites. A plea is made for greater emphasis on replication of results, for reporting findings for all sites no matter how small the number of cases may be, and for keeping constantly in mind the fact that observational associations are not necessarily causal in nature.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Comstock GW,Bush TL,Helzlsouer Kdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116264subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-15 00:00:00pages
115-21issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
135pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,评审abstract：:This report of the worldwide distribution of two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans was drawn from data on 628 clinical isolates and from data on 97 additional isolates from other laboratories. Tests showed that 100% of the cultures from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Switzerland, and Ja...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113861
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Barnes Hospital Employee Health Service (St. Louis, Missouri) rubella screening program was evaluated over the 5-year period between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1990. A total of 6,969 new employees were hired, and 6,115 (87.7%) were screened for evidence of rubella immunity by the Employee Health Service. Ru...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116913
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Daily temperatures and snowfall were related to coronary and stroke deaths in selected standard metropolitan statistical areas for the 5-year period 1962-1966. Typically an inverse approximately linear pattern of coronary heart disease (CHD) and of stroke mortality with temperature was seen over the greater part of th...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112261
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous reports have shown that peptic ulcer mortality follows birth cohorts. To the authors' knowledge, temporal variation in ulcer incidence has not been studied. Therefore, they present incidence data for a defined area of western Norway where 1,312 patients born between 1845 and 1975 were treated for ulcer perfor...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117519
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus remains obscure. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the epidemiology, including its compatibility with an acute infectious process, the authors undertook in-depth analyses of childhood cases accumulated in a population-based register in Montreal during the peri...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114427
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the associations between placental vascular findings and preterm delivery in 1,053 subcohort women (239 preterm, 814 term) from a Michigan pregnancy cohort study (1998-2004). Twenty-nine placental vascular variables from microscopic examinations were grouped into 5 constructs: 3 maternal construct...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp131
更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113415
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoking is becoming increasingly common in Asia while quitting remains rare, in part because of a lack of knowledge about the risks of smoking. This study compared the risk of death from lung cancer associated with smoking habits in Australia and New Zealand and in Asia by using data from the Asia Pacific Co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm002
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the spring of 1986, the authors studied the relation between body mass index and anthropometric indicators of fat distribution to cardiovascular risk factors (serum lipids and blood pressure) in approximately 450 women aged 38 years randomly selected from population registers in five European centers. Waist circumf...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115322
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) are measures of subclinical vascular disease. This 2000-2006 study aimed to characterize the associations among coronary artery disease risk factors, CAC quantity, and CIMT and to estimate shared genetic and environmental contr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn211
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The associations between cigarette smoking history and later cognitive performance were examined among 3,429 Japanese-American participants of the Honolulu Heart Program (HHP) and its extension, the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS). Cognitive performance was measured by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CA...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009138
更新日期：1997-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The study investigated the prevalence of antibodies to five leading agents of childhood respiratory disease in the county of Huixquilucan, Mexico. Tests of sera from a random sample of children between 3 months and 18 years of age confirmed serologically the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial (RS...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112113
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much of epidemiology and clinical medicine is focused on estimating the effects of treatments or interventions administered over time. In such settings of longitudinal treatment, time-dependent confounding is often an important source of bias. Marginal structural models (MSMs) are a powerful tool for estimating the ca...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm232
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify cancers that occur at higher rates in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, the cancer experience of New York State (NYS) AIDS patients aged 15-69 years who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1994 was compared with that of the NYS general population. Sex and HIV risk group-specific standardized ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.6.544
更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk factors for neonatal seizures were evaluated in 116,048 infants born between 1992 and 1994 to residents of Harris County, Texas; 207 of these infants were diagnosed with clinical neonatal seizures. Information was obtained from the infant's birth certificate to assess the relation between seizures and birth weigh...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.1.14
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When waist circumference is taken into account, larger hip circumference is associated with reduced risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The authors investigated the prospective association of hip circumference with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in a biracial cohort of men...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn395
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1983/1984, a study of bone mass and fractures was begun in 827 women aged 20-80 years in three rural Iowa communities selected for the fluoride and calcium content of their community water supplies. The control community's water had a calcium content of 67 mg/liter and a fluoride content of 1 mg/liter. The higher-c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115940
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent trial showed that universal decolonization in adult intensive care units (ICUs) resulted in greater reductions in all bloodstream infections and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than either targeted decolonization or screening and isolation. Since regional health-care fa...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is considerable interest in developing a means of assessing dietary intake of specific nutrients with minimal time and expense in epidemiologic studies. Using data from 1,682 individuals who were interviewed using an extensive food frequency dietary history, the authors examined the question of how many foods mi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114085
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most, but not all, studies in Western countries have indicated that women have a higher mortality than men after an acute myocardial infarction, but this has not been well documented in the developing world. The authors studied 601 male and 294 female myocardial infarction patients, aged 26-94 years, admitted to a cit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117059
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing knowledge about gene-disease associations will lead to new opportunities for genetic testing. Many experts predict that genetic testing will become increasingly important as a guide to prevention, clinical management, and drug treatment based on genetic susceptibilities. As part of a Human Genetic Epidemiology...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf055
更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A single nucleotide polymorphism, - 160C-->A, has been identified in the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene and has been shown to alter its transcriptional activity. To assess susceptibility of -160A allele carriers to seven types of cancers, the authors conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis, up to November 2006...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm264
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike past breast cancer survival comparisons between Japan and the United States, a recent study in Hawaii showed that Japanese women did not retain their survival advantage over Caucasian women after adjustment was made for stage at diagnosis. To test whether this finding in Hawaii was due to the limited duration o...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114136
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors investigated the association between maternal preconceptional supplemental and dietary zinc intake and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in a population-based case-control study conducted between 1989 and 1991 in California. Cases were 430 NTD-affected fetuses/infants, and controls were 429 randomly selec...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010059
更新日期：1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:There is accumulating evidence suggesting that children may drive the spread of influenza epidemics. The objective of this study was to quantify the lead time by age using laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A for the 1995/1996-2005/2006 seasons from Canadian communities and laboratory-confirmed hospital admission...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr037
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low blood pressure during pregnancy has been associated with poor perinatal outcomes. However, whether this association is causal or is due to confounding has never been carefully assessed. The authors used data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a large prospective cohort study in 12 hospitals in the United St...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/153.7.642
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clustering of premature mortality was investigated in 1,761 insulin-dependent diabetics and their family members from the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry from 1950-1981. At follow-up, 5% of the mothers and 13% of the fathers were deceased. Life table analyses revealed...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115187
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have conducted an analysis to validate a computer model that uses age-specific human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence data to estimate age-specific HIV incidence rates. Data for the analysis are from a cohort study of volunteer male workers in Bujumbura, the capital city of Burundi. Testing for HIV ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008916
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between psychosocial risk factors and retinal microvascular signs was examined in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Subjects were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Los Angeles County, California; New York, New York; and St. Paul, Minnesota. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp414
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of characteristics of social networks and support on depressive symptoms in the elderly. The subjects were 1,962 noninstitutionalized persons 65 years and older from the New Haven Establishment of Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly in 1982, who were a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116297
更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00
