Abstract：
:In the diseased central nervous system, astrogliosis is accompanied by microglial activation. Depending on the context of their activation, reactive astrocytes are involved in neuronal survival and regeneration in an either protective or impedimental way. Major reactive changes of astrocytes in vivo are the upregulation of the intermediate filaments GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and vimentin with accompanying cellular hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. To examine the involvement of activated microglia in the onset and maintenance of astrogliosis, we used an in vitro model of purified cultures of astrocytes and assessed as parameters for astrogliosis GFAP, vimentin, astroglial hypertrophy and cell growth after treatment with medium conditioned by LPS (lipopolysaccarides)-stimulated microglia. Furthermore, IL-6 as a typically upregulated cytokine in proinflammatory processes in the brain was determined in treated astrocytes. GFAP, the classical marker for astrogliosis, was downregulated on its protein and in parallel with vimentin on its mRNA level. The expression of actin, another cytoskeleton protein used as control, remained unchanged. Ultrastructural studies of astroglial intermediate filaments supported these findings. No hypertrophy was found. Nevertheless, LPS-activated microglia stimulated astrocytes as demonstrated by an increased cell number and an enhanced mRNA expression of IL-6. Resting microglia did not change any of the determined parameters. Our results suggest that the role of activated microglia in astrogliotic processes following injury of the brain has to be reevaluated, as microglia in their activated state might support the onset of astrogliosis on the one hand, but might delay or reduce subsequent glial scar formation on the other hand.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Röhl C,Lucius R,Sievers Jdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.057subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-19 00:00:00pages
43-52issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(06)03195-7journal_volume
1129pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:In terrestrial gastropod mollusks (slugs and snails), olfaction is the dominant sensory modality guiding various kinds of behavior. Anatomical studies indicate that olfactory information is processed in the brain (the cerebral ganglion) in two lobes in particular: the procerebrum (PC) and the metacerebrum (MtC). This ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.112
更新日期：2008-09-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial and temporal pattern of expression of the protein products of immediate early genes (IEGs) c-fos, fos B, and egr-1 were mapped in medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (VBST) during maternal behavior in rats. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated significant increases in t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00257-1
更新日期：1998-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:A mutation in the Vps33a gene causes Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS)-like-symptoms in the buff (bf) mouse mutant. The encoded product, Vps33a, is a member of the Sec1 and Class C multi-protein complex that regulates vesicle trafficking to specialized lysosome-related organelles. As Sec1 signaling pathways have been im...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.035
更新日期：2009-04-17 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on muscle activation patterns and joint kinematics during oscillatory movements of a joint within a two-joint (elbow-wrist) synergy. Healthy young adults (N=8) performed cyclic movements in one of the joints while the other joint was or was not involved...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03958-6
更新日期：2003-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of crude cerebrum supernatant to stabilize, at a low temperature, cold-labile microtubules purified from beef brain was studied during development in the rat. The cold-stabilizing activity of the supernatant was low during the first postnatal week, rose significantly during the second postnatal week, and t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(88)90238-6
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Overactivation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in response to DNA damage is considered to play a crucial role in the development of post-ischemic neuronal injury, such as ischemic stroke. The present study was undertaken to clarify the beneficial effects of MP-124, a novel PARP-1 inhibitor, on neurological ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.069
更新日期：2011-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive brain tumor. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that GBM segregates into three subgroups with characteristic signaling pathways. The Wnt pathway recently received increasing attention with the recognition of its importance in tumor dev...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.008
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons immunoreactive for the calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR) were visualized in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNc), reticulata (SNr) and lateralis (SNl), the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of squirrel monkeys. The density of CR perikarya was high in VTA, moderate in...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01374-1
更新日期：1996-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The intracellular localization of the serine protease plasminogen activator was analyzed in homogenates of bovine brain cortex using differential fractionation procedures. The distribution of the enzyme was clearly different from that of cytosol and mitochondrial markers, and was similar to that of plasma membrane pro...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)91154-4
更新日期：1982-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vitro preparation was used to determine if rapidly transported radiolabeled protein which is isolated with the myelin fraction of frog sciatic nerves is similar to rapidly transported radiolabeled protein released from sciatic nerves. Sciatic nerves along with their eighth and ninth dorsal root ganglia were plac...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90525-x
更新日期：1982-05-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents many drugs from entering the brain. Yet, conventional methods that open the BBB are technically demanding, poorly reversible, and can be associated with long-term adverse effects. In comparison, carbogen, which is introduced nearly a century ago as a treatment for psychiatric dis...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146320
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voluntary saccades performed in total darkness provide the opportunity to investigate the brain system active during saccades without confounding effects caused by the saccade induced shifts of the retinal image. Using this approach saccade related activation has been demonstrated not only in parietal but also in stri...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.108
更新日期：2008-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Apart from the essential role of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, this compound and its analogs are involved in regulating the functions of the central nervous and immune systems. Active forms of vitamin D3 have been reported to stimulate neurotrophin gene expression and to prevent n...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.034
更新日期：2005-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Steps of torque were applied to the human forearm during intentional flexion movements with peak velocities of 40-500 degrees/sec and during ballistically initiated flexion movements. The question asked was whether or not the motor ouput to both agonist and antagonist muscles is independent of sensory input data or is...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(78)90656-x
更新日期：1978-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The non-toxic neuronal binding domain of tetanus toxin (tetanus toxin fragment C, TTC) has been used as a vector to enhance delivery of potentially therapeutic proteins to motor neurons from the periphery following an intramuscular injection. The unique binding and transport properties of this 50-kDa polypeptide sugge...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.007
更新日期：2004-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of spontaneous activity in response to morphine administration was studied at different postnatal ages in C57BL/6 mice. Morphine induced hyperactivity at all ages except in 3-week-old mice, in which a catatonic effect is evident. The results indicate that the neurophysiological and inhibitory systems r...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(81)90029-8
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on reflex swallowing were examined using anaesthetized rats. GLP-1 was injected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) using glass micropipettes. Swallowing was induced by repeated electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and was id...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.004
更新日期：2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The production and localization of cell-associated forms of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease was investigated in primary cultures of mouse glial cells. In both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against the carboxy terminus of APP revealed an intens...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)90898-j
更新日期：1992-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic architecture and distribution of dendritic protrusions were studied on Golgi-impregnated neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of infant rats (7 and 20 days old), of animals at puberty (34 days old) and of postpubertal rats (90 days old) using computerized image analysis. The protrusions showed a peak d...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(86)90006-4
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of polyamines in the regulation of free intrasynaptosomal Ca2+, [Ca2+]i was studied. After preincubation of rat brain synaptosomes with 5 mM difluormethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the K+-induced increase of [Ca2+]i was 33% less than that in non-treated synaptosome...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(87)91162-0
更新日期：1987-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Even though several of RFamide peptides have been shown to modify memory and learning processes in different species, almost nothing is known regarding cognitive effects of recently discovered neuropeptide QRFP. Considering multiple physiological functions of QRFP, localization of QRFP-synthesizing neurons in the hypo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146563
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Gonadal steroids are thought to act by activation of the genome following cytoplasmic binding, translocation of the hormone--receptor complex to the nucleus and chromatin binding at specific acceptor sites. This study examined the kinetics of chromatin binding of estradiol by hypothalamic and cortical cells of adult g...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(78)90138-5
更新日期：1978-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The stimulated (40 Hz) release of enkephalin from the myenteric plexus can be modulated by multiple types of opiate receptor. The direction of the modulation is not fixed but is bimodal. Both an inhibition and an enhancement of evoked release is observed depending on the concentration of opioid agonist that is used. E...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)91594-1
更新日期：1989-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of chronic administration of morphine to rats on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors labeled with [3H]MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist, was determined in brain regions and spinal cord. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered tolerant to and physically dependent on morphine by subcutaneous implantat...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)91740-x
更新日期：1994-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study revisited the question of whether there are brain mechanisms specific to divided attention that differ from those used in selective attention. Increased neuronal activity required to simultaneously process two stimulus dimensions as compared with each separate dimension has often been observed, but r...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.058
更新日期：2008-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of serotonin agonists on the rhythmic excretion of the melatonin metabolite 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was examined in rats. The animals were maintained in 12L:12D and administered saline, quipazine (10 mg/kg), (+/-)-2-propylamino-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT, 5 mg/kg) or buspi...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(96)00922-5
更新日期：1996-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Sardinian ethanol-preferring (sP), non-preferring (sNP), and Wistar rats show similar dopaminergic response to vanilla sugar consumption in nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and similarly learn a vanilla sugar-sustained appetitive behavior. In this study we investigated whether in sat...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.043
更新日期：2004-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to develop a model culture system for the study of factors controlling regeneration of axons from injured adult mammalian central nervous system. We show, for the first that retinal ganglion cells (RGC) dissociated from adult rat retina, regrow processes in vitro over long distances un...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(88)90204-0
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In personal and in society related context, people often evaluate the risk of environmental and technological hazards. Previous research addressing neuroscience of risk evaluation assessed particularly the direct personal risk of presented stimuli, which may have comprised for instance aspects of fear. Further, risk e...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.023
更新日期：2011-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently demonstrated that the formation of myelin sheaths in the optic nerve of young postnatal mice deficient in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is retarded when compared to age-matched wild-type mice. In the present study, we analyzed whether impaired myelination of retinal ganglion cell axons is d...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00484-8
更新日期：1997-07-11 00:00:00
