Abstract:
:In the diseased central nervous system, astrogliosis is accompanied by microglial activation. Depending on the context of their activation, reactive astrocytes are involved in neuronal survival and regeneration in an either protective or impedimental way. Major reactive changes of astrocytes in vivo are the upregulation of the intermediate filaments GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and vimentin with accompanying cellular hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. To examine the involvement of activated microglia in the onset and maintenance of astrogliosis, we used an in vitro model of purified cultures of astrocytes and assessed as parameters for astrogliosis GFAP, vimentin, astroglial hypertrophy and cell growth after treatment with medium conditioned by LPS (lipopolysaccarides)-stimulated microglia. Furthermore, IL-6 as a typically upregulated cytokine in proinflammatory processes in the brain was determined in treated astrocytes. GFAP, the classical marker for astrogliosis, was downregulated on its protein and in parallel with vimentin on its mRNA level. The expression of actin, another cytoskeleton protein used as control, remained unchanged. Ultrastructural studies of astroglial intermediate filaments supported these findings. No hypertrophy was found. Nevertheless, LPS-activated microglia stimulated astrocytes as demonstrated by an increased cell number and an enhanced mRNA expression of IL-6. Resting microglia did not change any of the determined parameters. Our results suggest that the role of activated microglia in astrogliotic processes following injury of the brain has to be reevaluated, as microglia in their activated state might support the onset of astrogliosis on the one hand, but might delay or reduce subsequent glial scar formation on the other hand.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Röhl C,Lucius R,Sievers Jdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.057subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-19 00:00:00pages
43-52issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(06)03195-7journal_volume
1129pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::Astrocytes exhibit an important role in neural lipid metabolism for the regulation of energy balance to supply fatty acids (FAs) and ketone bodies to other neural cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) consisting of neutral- and phospho-lipids increase in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer'...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146484
更新日期:2019-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to alleviate motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and PD animal models. However, the mechanisms by which EA improves motor function have not been investigated. We have employed a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral injection induced PD model to investigate wh...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.027
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid skin indentations can produce strong tap-like sensations that contain little information about skin indentation depth. Although slower stimuli produce weaker sensations, subjects can more accurately identify how the position of the skin surface changes with respect to the deeper tissues. This dissociation betwee...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90609-7
更新日期:1984-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The release of adipokinetic hormones from the neurosecretory cells within the glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum (CC) of locusts is under the synaptic control of axons within the nervi corporis cardiaca II (NCC II). This synapse has been shown to be aminergic with the transmitter tentatively identified as octopami...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91242-8
更新日期:1983-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Rab3A is a synaptic vesicle-associated GTP-binding protein thought to be involved in modulation of presynaptic transmitter release through regulation of vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. Electrophysiological studies at central nervous system synapses of Rab3A null-mutant mice have indicated that nerve stimulati...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.055
更新日期:2006-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the distribution and phenotype of GLUT8-positive neurons in rat brain and to compare the cellular distribution of GLUT8 with GLUT3 in the hippocampus. Based upon the absence of co-localization with the non-neuronal markers GFAP (astroglial) and OX42 (micr...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02308-9
更新日期:2002-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Activities of individual, force-sensitive mechanoreceptors (funnel canal organs) of the terminal segment (dactyl) of the crab leg have been recorded in freely moving animals. During the stance phase of walking receptors discharge in regular bursts that are closely correlated with activity of the opener muscle of the p...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90663-8
更新日期:1985-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising source for cell-based treatment of brain injury, but the therapy of BMSCs is restricted by low cell survival. We examined whether nerve growth factor (NGF) improve BMSCs viability in the brain with Fimbria-Fornix lesion (FF). After transduction of NGF ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.010
更新日期:2009-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we report on the effects of intra-VTA infusion of opioid agonists on rat ingestive behavior in a variety of experimental contexts. When the animals were tested outside of their home cages surrounded only by food-pellets (Experiment 1), the injection of the mu-opioid agonist DAMGO, but not the kappa-opioi...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01281-l
更新日期:1995-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::This study used microdialysis to measure changes in extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) content in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of freely moving rats during acute and chronic morphine treatment, and following naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Morphine injection (20 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant decrease in extracellu...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91616-9
更新日期:1991-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of hippocampal kindling on neuronal and glial marker proteins was studied in the rat by immunochemical methods. In hippocampus, pyriform cortex and amygdala there was an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating reactive gliosis, and an increase in the glycolytic enzyme NSE, suggesting ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90791-9
更新日期:1990-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Lycium barbarum is an oriental medicinal herb that has long been used for its anti-aging and cell-protective properties. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extracts from L. barbarum exhibit neuroprotection via inhibiting pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. Other active components can also be accomplished by novel ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.075
更新日期:2007-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::Sokoloff's [14C]2-deoxyglucose method has been applied to investigate circadian variations in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU). Freely moving rats were tested during two phases of the circadian light/dark cycle. In the rats tested during darkness, elevations in LCGU, when compared with animals tested during t...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91460-1
更新日期:1989-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::In most cases obesity, a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus type 2 and other associated chronic diseases, is generated by excessive eating. For a better understanding of eating behavior, it is necessary to determine how it is modulated by factors such as the calorie content of food, satiety and gender. Twelve hea...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.030
更新日期:2010-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsal vagal complex of the medulla oblongata is a key centre involved in the regulation of numerous autonomic functions, including cardiovascular control. Adenosine has been implicated as a potential neuromodulator of the baroreceptor reflex, and therefore the current study has investigated the presence and chara...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90327-1
更新日期:1994-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Although platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB activates PDGF receptor-beta (PDGFR-beta) and, in turn, inhibits the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, whether PDGF-BB modulates the CNS function mediated by another glutamate receptors, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (A...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.037
更新日期:2007-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Horseradish peroxidase was injected intracellularly into motoneurons responding to cutaneous stimulation of the central foot pad of the hind limb in cats. Three motoneurons were selected for detailed analysis: two excited by foot pad stimulation, and one postsynaptically inhibited by such stimulation. The overall leng...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90669-2
更新日期:1982-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Bulk-isolated human and bovine oligodendroglia, practically free from myelin, have been used in attempts to elicit an autoimmune response which has been compared with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). For these experiments, a total of 20 Hartley guinea pigs, 33 Lewis rats and 16 rabbits have been st...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90906-4
更新日期:1977-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The number of adults in the US affected by bipolar disorder, depression, or schizophrenia is approaching 15 million. Despite decades of research, etiologies of these illnesses remain elusive. Theories of aberrant brain morphology, neurotransmission, and signal conduction have provided the heuristic framework for a lar...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.048
更新日期:2006-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that motion sickness was prevented in rats with amygdala lesion and that provocative motion stimuli increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in the amygdala, suggesting that the amygdala is one of the neural substrates involved in the development of motion sickness. NK-1 receptors in the bra...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.047
更新日期:2012-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::The convulsant compounds bicuculline (BICUC) and penicillin (PCN) are antagonists of GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition. In addition, we have shown that BICUC and PCN produced membrane depolarization of mouse spinal cord neurons in primary dissociated cell culture by blocking a potassium conductance, a non-synaptic dir...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90609-6
更新日期:1982-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of chronic ethanol administration on the density of basket cells in the dentate gyrus of mice selectively bred for their sensitivity to acute ethanol exposure (long-sleep, LS and short-sleep, SS) was assessed in two experiments. In addition, the effect of chronic ethanol on the density of dentate granule ce...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90369-1
更新日期:1988-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike the basal ganglia input from the midline and intralaminar nuclei, the origin and prominence of striatal projections arising in the lateral thalamus varies considerably among mammals being most restricted in the opossum and monkey, most extensive in the rat. To get further insight into the evolution of thalamo-s...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.125
更新日期:2006-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::The onset of the daily wheel running bout precedes dark onset by several hours in the early runner genetic variant of mice. Here, we test the hypothesis that timed daily administration of a melatonin agonist, ramelteon, or a benzodiazepine, triazolam, normalizes the timing of daily wheel-running rhythms in early runne...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.103
更新日期:2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::The nitric oxide (NO) metabolome and the NO metabolite-based neurovascular protective pathways are dysregulated after stroke. The major NO metabolite S-nitrosoglutahione (GSNO) is essential for S-nitrosylation-based signaling events and the inhibition of S-nitrosoglutahione (GSNO)-metabolizing enzyme GSNO reductase (G...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146879
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and leukotriene (LT) C4 from male rat median eminences (ME), was estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the presence of the catecholamines (CA), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). NE increased the release of PGE2 in the pre...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90697-5
更新日期:1989-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Purkinje cells are the sole output from the cerebellar cortex and play a critical role during classical eyeblink conditioning. The present study revealed for the first time a learning-related change in individual Purkinje cell activity during successive eyeblink conditioning in decerebrate guinea pigs which permitted ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.090
更新日期:2006-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::In order to better understand the neuroleptic-like effects of neurotensin in vivo, the effects of neurotensin in vitro on dopamine D2 and D1 agonist and antagonist binding sites were characterized in membranes from the neostriatum and the subcortical limbic area. Neurotensin increased the KD but not the Bmax value of ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90753-i
更新日期:1991-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Individual neurons were recorded extracellularly in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of rats during cocaine self-administration sessions. NAcc neurons exhibited a variety of phasic changes in firing rate within the few seconds before and/or after cocaine self-infusion. Analysis of the topographical distribution of the pha...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00752-x
更新日期:1997-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Somatostatin neuronal perikarya and their processes, presumably dendrites, in the periventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus and terminals in the median eminence were observed by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Neuronal perikarya and processes contained immunoreactive dense granules (100-120 nm in diam...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91153-8
更新日期:1983-01-10 00:00:00