Abstract：
:Several epidemiological studies confirmed that Anxiety Disorders as a group are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in the United States. The importance of these conditions is underlined by the fact that they cause significant disability, poor quality of life, alcohol and drug abuse. Anxiety disorders are treatable conditions and respond to the front-line interventions such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, only about 60% of patients respond to those treatments to any significant degree. Many still have residual symptoms or stay treatment refractory. The group of anxiety patients that is resistant to the treatment has been shown to have very poor quality of life and have highest rate of suicidal attempts than any other disorders. Many biological, treatment specific and social factors are affecting treatment resistance. In this paper, we are attempting to review reasons for the treatment resistance. In addition, we would like to review current strategies that could be helpful in reducing treatment resistance and aiding people chronically suffering from these severe and disabling conditions.
journal_name
Mol Psychiatryjournal_title
Molecular psychiatryauthors
Bystritsky Adoi
10.1038/sj.mp.4001852subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-09-01 00:00:00pages
805-14issue
9eissn
1359-4184issn
1476-5578pii
4001852journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Circulating inflammatory mediators can signal neurons through a pathway in which cytokine activation of the cells of the blood-brain barrier causes the induction of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), leading to the transcription of target genes, such as the one encoding cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), the enzyme that i...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bipolar affective disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses with a population prevalence of approximately 1%. The disorder is genetically complex, with an increasing number of loci being implicated through genetic linkage studies. However, the specific genetic variations and molecules involved in bipolar sus...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001113
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study has suggested a possible association of a polymorphism near the dopamine D5 receptor gene (DRD5) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The polymorphism studied was a (CA)n repeat located in the cosmid containing the D5 receptor gene2 and the allele that was reported to be associated with attenti...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000777
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzodiazepines facilitate the inhibitory actions of GABA by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), GABA-gated chloride/bicarbonate channels, which are the key mediators of transmission at inhibitory synapses in the brain. This activity underpins potent anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effec...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-018-0100-y
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurobiological disorders have diverse manifestations and symptomology. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, manifest late in life and are characterized by, among other symptoms, progressive loss of synaptic markers. Developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum, appear in childhood. Neuropsych...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2009.82
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eating disorders are complex heritable conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Given the progress of genomic discovery in anorexia nervosa, with the identification of the first genome-wide significant locus, as well as animated discussion of epigenetic mechanisms in linking environmental facto...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-018-0254-7
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contactin genes CNTN5 and CNTN6 code for neuronal cell adhesion molecules that promote neurite outgrowth in sensory-motor neuronal pathways. Mutations of CNTN5 and CNTN6 have previously been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but very little is known on their prevalence and clinical impact....
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2016.61
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the inflammatory response system has been related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia by several recent studies. Schizophrenic patients have varied levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, -6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in their peripheral blood or cerebrospinal flui...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000483
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of endogenous dopamine (DA) on neostriatal DA D(1) and D(2) receptor binding potentials (D(1)RBP and D(2)RBP, respectively) in vivo was evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET) and the radiotracers [(11)C]SCH23390 and [(11)C]raclopride, respectively, by comparing the D(1)RBP and D(2)RBP before and ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001062
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping was used to follow up reports of linkage between reading disability (RD) and an 18 cM region of chromosome 6p21.3-22. Using a two-stage approach, we tested for association between RD and 22 microsatellite markers in two independent samples of 101 (Stage 1) and 77 (Stage 2) parent/pr...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001216
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a significantly higher risk for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients affected by type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the molecular mechanism responsible for this association is presently unknown. Both diseases are considered protein misfolding disorders associated with...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2016.230
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early-life disruption of the parent-child relationship, for example, in the form of abuse, neglect or loss, dramatically increases risk for psychiatric, as well as certain medical, disorders in adulthood. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) plays a seminal role in mediating social affiliation, attachment, social support, m...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2008.112
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to traumatic events is common. While many individuals recover following trauma exposure, a substantial subset develop adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) such as posttraumatic stress, major depression, and regional or widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain. APNS cause substantial burden to...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41380-019-0636-5
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familial and twin studies have suggested that anorexia nervosa (AN) is a multifactorial disorder with a substantial genetic contribution. The hSKCa3 potassium channel gene, which contains polymorphic CAG repeats in the coding region and is involved in the regulation of neuronal activity, may be a candidate gene for AN...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000931
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An increase in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a putative factor in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. As CRF expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is important in adaptation to chronic stress, we hypothesized that unrestrained synthesis of CRF in CeA would mimic the consequence...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2008.91
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-019-0637-4
更新日期：2020-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study is to compare the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in the United States in 1991-1992 and 2001-2002, and identify sociodemographic groups at increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. Data were drawn from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 1991-1992 National ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2008.98
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin is a hormone with pleiotropic functions affecting several tissues. Because leptin has a crucial role in the adaptation of an organism to semi-starvation, anorexia nervosa (AN) serves as a model disorder to elucidate the functional implications of hypoleptinaemia; vice versa, several symptoms in patients with th...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001909
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P<0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheime...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/mp.2013.86
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2010.63
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000818
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/mp.2016.231
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-00919-9
更新日期：2020-10-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2017.155
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drugs with placebo in schizophrenic patients and which considered 13 different outcome measures. Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials with 7323 participants were included. All SGA...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4002136
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A central problem in the treatment of drug addiction is the high risk of relapse often precipitated by drug-associated cues. The transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons is required for long-term memory. Whereas blockade of drug memory reconsolidation represents a potential therapeutic strategy,...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2015.157
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5: 77-84 ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000752
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mammals, most adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are located in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) along the wall of the lateral ventricles and they are the source of olfactory bulb interneurons. Adult NSCs exhibit an apico-basal polarity; they harbor a short apical process and a long basal process, reminiscen...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-0823-4
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Signalling by retinoid compounds is vital for embryonic development, with particular importance for neurogenesis in the human brain. Retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, exert influence over the expression of thousands of transcripts genome wide, and thus, act as master regulators of many important biological processe...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41380-019-0566-2
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe and highly complex mental illness. Current treatments manage the positive symptoms, yet have minimal effects on the negative and cognitive symptoms, two prominent features of the disease with critical impact on the long-term morbidity. In addition, antipsychotic treatments trigger se...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2012.57
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
