Abstract：
:Glutamate neurotransmitter action on postsynaptic receptors is terminated by its clearance from the synaptic cleft by transporter proteins located in neurons and glial cells. Failure of glutamate removal can lead to neuronal death due to its well-known neurotoxic properties. Glutamate transporters are dependent on external Na+, and thus on the activity of Na+/K+ ATPases, which maintain the Na+ concentration gradient. When the energy brain requirements are not fulfilled by the appropriate blood supply of glucose and oxygen, the Na+ gradient collapses leading to impaired glutamate and aspartate removal, or even to the release of these amino acids through the reverse operation of their transporters. Such a scenario would be associated with brain ischemia and hypoglycemia due to the prompt decline in ATP levels. In addition, some evidence suggests that downregulation of glutamate transporters after the ischemic period, or the dysfunction induced by oxidation, contributes to the accumulation of extracellular glutamate and neuronal death. Neuronal damage is associated with excitotoxicity, a type of cell death triggered by the overactivation of glutamate receptors and the loss of calcium homeostasis. Throughout this review we will discuss recent evidence suggesting that failure of glutamate transport during ischemia contributes to the elevation of extracellular glutamate and to the induction of excitotoxicity. We will also discuss the contribution of glial vs. neuronal glutamate transporters in ischemic damage, and the involvement of the different glutamate transporter subtypes. We will focus on experimental data from rodent models, because many of the studies on glutamate transport and ischemic damage have been performed in these animal species.
journal_name
Arch Med Resjournal_title
Archives of medical researchauthors
Camacho A,Massieu Ldoi
10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.05.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
11-8issue
1eissn
0188-4409issn
1873-5487pii
S0188-4409(05)00237-7journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The objective of the study was to identify the patterns of recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC) vs. the size of the primary tumor and its further possible impact on its treatment outcome. We reviewed 78 patients treated between 1975 to 1991. They were classified according to to...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Antiepileptics including benzodiazepines have long been recognized to provoke seizures and precipitate status epilepticus occasionally. This has a special clinical importance in the case of diazepam because of its use as first choice medication in its management. This report is intended to highlight the clin...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00043-6
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To know the activity of antimeningococcal immunoglobulin, Balb/c mice of 18-22 g of body weight were challenged with 5 serotype B strains of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) isolated from patients of different Latin American countries. The specific antimeningococcal Ig was extracted from the serum of volunteers previously ...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus type II, a cause of preclinical left ventricular dysfunction that can progress to cardiac insufficiency ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, is attributed to systemic arterial hypertension, or ischemic cardiopathy. Diastolic ventricular dysfunction takes place during the course of diabetes m...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00264-2
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Previous published data have implicated TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms as risk factors for various cancers. Growing bodies of studies have been conducted on the association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with susceptibility to oral carcinoma and have yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.09.004
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of human IgG immunoglobulins on the surface of Vibrio cholerae O1, and Haemophilus influenzae type b microorganisms was assessed via a flow cytometric technique. A group of 31 healthy mother-full term newborn duo sera from a non-endemic cholera area was assayed. The sera of mothers and full-term new...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Psychiatrists may be at an increased risk of suicide, since they encounter stressful factors in their everyday activities in addition to the sociodemographic factors for suicidal ideation reported for Mexican population. AIM OF THE STUDY:To determine whether experiences inherent to the profession were relat...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.010
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The pathogenesis of coronary artery ectasia (CE) is poorly understood. An underlying inflammatory process is suspected; current therapy aims to prevent thrombotic events. Presently, there is no evidence to support an anti-inflammatory approach for CE patients. We undertook this study to determine th...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.07.002
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effect of low protein and corn-based diets on the maturation of cerebellum, three groups of young rats were fed during a period of 6 weeks with different diets; 23 and 8% of protein (Purina-Chow base) and a corn-based diet (8% protein). At the end of that period, the concentration of free amino acids ...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Animal experiments showed that interaction between advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors (RAGE) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) can function as a decoy for RAGE ligands. The present study aimed to examine the levels of AG...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.11.001
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several clinical conditions suggest an effect of sex steroids on glucose homeostasis in women. Studies examining this phenomenon have yielded controversial results. METHODS:To investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and acute insulin response to glucose us...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0188-0128(98)00008-6
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is one of the most common neurocutaneous syndromes characterized by development of adult neurofibromas which is mainly made up of Schwann cells. The disease is generally accepted to be caused by inactivation mutation of Nf1 gene. And Nf1 deficiency had been reported to...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.014
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heroin abuse causes various medical and surgical complications. We report a case of heroin-induced severe bilateral compartment syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and extremely elevated creatinine kinase. A 30-year-old male heroin addict presented to the emergency department of Mount Vernon Ho...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.07.013
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Injecting a neurotoxin virus into ovary of adult rats has provided morphologic evidence of a multisynaptic neural pathway between ovary and central nervous system (CNS). Vagus nerve is one of the pathways used by CNS to send and receive information to and from the ovary. METHODS:The present study analyzed w...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.03.007
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amebicidal action of metronidazole is activated when the enzyme pyruvate:ferredoxin oxido-reductase transfers reducing equivalents to the nitro group of the drug. The enzyme is present in Entamoeba histolytica and other anaerobic parasites like Giardia and Trichomonas that lack mitochondria. The selectivity of the...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are influenced by behavioral, cultural, and social factors, suggesting that acculturation plays a significant role in the emergency and growth of chronic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between CV risk factors and the main components of accu...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.12.003
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effects of a vegetarian diet with avocado as a source of monounsaturated fat on serum lipids, thirteen patients with phenotype II (twelve with IIa and one with IIb) dyslipidemia were included in a prospective, transversal and comparative study in which three four-week diets randomly assigned were asse...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implantation is a complex spatio-temporal interaction between the genotypically different embryo and the mother. Success of this event requires the synchronization of development and effective biochemical communications from both sides. Chorionic gonadotropin (CG), which is a major embryonic signal in the primate, is ...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0188-4409(01)00330-7
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies in platelet of 5-HT uptake transporters have been performed using binding assay methodology designed for ligand-receptor interactions; however, uptake transporters present requirements that may question the validity of these particular binding assays. METHODS:To explore methodologic aspects that may...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.03.001
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We tested the hypothesis that endurance over-training could alter the favorable effects of well-tolerated training on lipid profile. METHODS:At weeks 1, 6, 15, 26, 36, and 47 of the training program, blood was drawn to test lipid profile of 20 endurance-trained rowers. Diet and caloric intake were controlle...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.11.013
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse (ApoE) spontaneously develops hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic lesions in large arteries. It is also known that angiotensin II-induced hypertension accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE mice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aortic ...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.06.005
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:We tested the effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in an adipocyte model of HIV lipodystrophy and in an open label study on body composition and metabolism in patients with HIV lipodystrophy. METHODS:The effects of IGF-I on ritonavir-induced adipocyte cell death were studied ...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.06.001
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to establish the sensitivity and specificity of transesophageal stress echocardiography with dobutamine (TEE-dobutamine) in the early detection of myocardial ischemia we studied 30 consecutive patients from the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of the Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. The resu...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quinolone-induced mutagenesis in the Salmonella typhimurium hisG48 strains suggests that these antibiotics are oxygen free radical generators. The use of beta-carotene as antioxidant was evaluated as an alternative to reduce oxidative cell damage in patients who need therapy with nalidixic acid, norfloxacin,...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00046-1
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been demonstrated in amniotic fluid (AF) from women with intra-amniotic infection. Recent studies have reported that IL-6 levels in AF were related to an increase in neonatal morbidity; moreover, higher IL-6 plasma levels have been observed in neonates with se...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0188-0128(99)00015-9
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three exoglucanase genes have been described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The bulk of the exoglucanase (EXO) activity is encoded by the EXG1 gene, whose primary gene product is differentially glycosylated during its transit to the cell surface to yield three isoenzymes: EXOI, EXOII and EXOII1/2. EXOII, the major isoen...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) should be considered a clinical entity when its different symptoms share a common etiology: obesity/insulin resistance as a result of a multi-organ dysfunction. The main interest in treating MetS as a clinical entity is that the addition of its components drastically increases the risk of ath...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Global warming has serious implications for all aspects of human life, including infectious diseases. The effect of global warming depends on the complex interaction between the human host population and the causative infectious agent. From the human standpoint, changes in the environment may trigger human migration, ...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.041
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We previously showed by using biochemical parameters that male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) with no further treatment recovered endocrine pancreatic function after 12 days. METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an i.p. in...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.10.001
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A comprehensive understanding of the immune response induced by Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin in activation of protective T cells against tuberculosis is important to develop effective therapies to combat this disease. In this study, our experiments were designed to determine effects of transfo...
journal_title：Archives of medical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00463-0
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
