Abstract:
:Many residential hazards are disproportionately concentrated in older, urban dwellings and share common underlying causes, such as uncorrected moisture problems and inadequate maintenance and cleaning. Comprehensive and affordable approaches to remediation are needed, but the feasibility and efficacy of such approaches has not been well documented. To address this gap, a multihazard, multimethod intervention, addressing deteriorated lead-based paint and lead dust, vermin, mold, and safety hazards was pilot-tested in a sample of 70 pre-1940 dwellings. Dwellings received paint stabilization, dust lead cleaning, integrated pest management (IPM), mold cleaning, and safety devices, as needed. The median remediation cost for labor and materials was 864.66 dollars (range: 120.00-5235.33 dollars) per dwelling. Environmental conditions were evaluated prior to, immediately following, and an average of 5 months after remediation. Between the baseline and 5-month follow-up periods, significant reductions were achieved in the number of dwellings with multiple (i.e., three or four) problems (75% vs. 23%, P<0.0001); high levels of dust lead on floors and window sills (67% and 46% declines, P<0.01); evidence of cockroaches or rodents (43% and 36% declines, P<0.01); and fire, electrical and/or fall hazards (between 67% and 88% declines, P<0.01). Significant reductions were also observed in the geometric mean (GM) dust lead levels on floors and window sills (13.3 vs. 5.0 microg/ft2 and 210.6 vs. 81.0 microg/ft2, respectively, P<0.0001) and Blatella germanica (Blag1) levels among dwellings with elevated baseline levels (7.7 vs. 0.09 U/g, P<0.0001). Reductions in mold dust levels were of borderline statistical significance (50% decline, P=0.07). The greatest declines in dust lead and Blag1 levels occurred in dwellings having the highest baseline levels and, for Blag1, in dwellings in which occupants attended training sessions. These results indicate that a comprehensive approach to hazard remediation can be highly effective and cost efficient and that overall improvements can be maintained. Further research is needed to clarify the most effective sampling strategies, educational and behavioral interventions, and optimal intervention frequency.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Klitzman S,Caravanos J,Belanoff C,Rothenberg Ldoi
10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
294-306issue
3eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(05)00036-8journal_volume
99pub_type
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doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.039
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90147-6
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.026
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/enrs.1998.3971
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110349
更新日期:2020-10-28 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.109003
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00092-6
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2004.10.010
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/enrs.2000.4110
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/enrs.2000.4089
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110406
更新日期:2020-10-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.11.007
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3718
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.012
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3812
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.005
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.014
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00