Abstract：
:Chlorine is a reactive gas used by humanity for over two centuries. Exposure to chlorine has occurred in a number of situations, including as a chemical warfare agent, in industrial and domestic exposures, and as a result of accidents and spills. The toxicology of chlorine is related almost entirely to effects in the respiratory system. A consistent symptomology occurs in both animals and humans. This ranges from sensory irritation, to irritation and bronchospasm, to cellular changes to bronchioles and alveoli, to development of pulmonary disease. While full recovery from such injuries remains the most likely outcome, there is little doubt that permanent loss of function is possible in severe cases. In all industrial applications of chlorine, occupational exposures to chlorine should be controlled to at least the recommended exposure standard. However, a focus of activity on ensuring that excursions (such as leaks or "gassing" incidents) above these values do not occur is likely to be more beneficial. Treatment of chlorine exposure is essentially symptomatic, with the efficacy of some treatments (such as corticosteroid therapy) still not well established.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Winder Cdoi
10.1006/enrs.2000.4110subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-01 00:00:00pages
105-14issue
2eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(00)94110-0journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Effects of fine volcanic ash aerosol on pulmonary mechanical properties of awake guinea pigs were evaluated during exposure by inhalation. Ash penetration into the lung as well as tissue response to ash were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The reactivity of airway epithelial irritant receptors followin...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(85)90020-9
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is widespread and has received considerable attention in recent years due to their link with adverse health outcomes, including bone health. Nevertheless, no earlier studies have reported serum PFAS concentrations, and their association with incident osteop...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109676
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.014
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109899
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109143
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109484
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.031
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2005.06.007
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.012
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110187
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2012.09.003
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.009
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.2000.4089
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.003
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(89)80071-4
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(85)90107-0
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.020
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.008
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110587
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.011
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109349
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.011
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(83)90076-2
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.032
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108621
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.001
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior work has demonstrated that inorganic mercury produces a number of toxic effects in embryos when this metal is administered to pregnant hamsters subcutaneously on the eighth gestation day. Also, treatment of various pregnant animals with zinc produces little evidence of embryotoxicity. The literature reveals that...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(84)90147-6
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108857
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110316
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is neurotoxic in animals but few studies have investigated its effects on the human brain. Related dioxin-like compounds have been linked to poorer cognitive and motor function in older adults, with effects more pronounced in women, perhaps due to the loss of neuro-protective...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.005
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
