Abstract：
:In order to assess the adverse effects of urban levels of air pollution, rats were used as biological indicators in a chronic exposure experiment. Animals were housed for 6 months in the center of São Paulo (the largest South American town) and compared to controls kept for the same period in a clean area. Pollution levels were obtained from a state air pollution monitoring station, 200 m distant from exposure location, which provided the levels of CO, SO2, particulates, and ozone. The nasal septum was submitted to quantitative analysis of morphological and histochemical parameters, comprising the measurement of volume of epithelium and lamina propria per unity of surface of basal lamina, the amount of mucus stored in the surface epithelium, the volume densities of neutral and acidic mucus in the lamina propria glands, and the densities of secretory and ciliated cells in the epithelium. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that chronic exposure to urban levels of air pollution induces secretory hypertrophy, combined with a shift toward acidic mucus secretion and ciliary damage. The results are consistent with the idea that prolonged exposure to low levels of air pollution deteriorates respiratory defenses against infectious agents and may cause an increase in respiratory morbidity and perhaps mortality.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Lemos M,Lichtenfels AJ,Amaro Júnior E,Macchione M,Martins MA,King M,Böhm GM,Saldiva PHdoi
10.1006/enrs.1994.1046subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-01 00:00:00pages
87-95issue
1eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013935184710462journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Lead (Pb) isotopic composition analysis is a useful tool to accurately identify the origin of Pb in environmental media. The existing calculation method of the contribution of Pb sources from Pb isotope ratios greatly restricted the development of Pb contamination source apportionment. In the present study, a new dist...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109475
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is widespread and has received considerable attention in recent years due to their link with adverse health outcomes, including bone health. Nevertheless, no earlier studies have reported serum PFAS concentrations, and their association with incident osteop...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109676
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The apparent fractional absorption of cadmium (Cd) from sunflower kernels (SFK) was determined in women volunteers by using kernels labeled with a stable isotope of Cd ((113)Cd) by injecting it into the flowering head. Fourteen women who were between the ages of 30 and 70 years, who did not use tobacco products, who w...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.2001.4288
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heat illness (HI) is a growing global concern; its incidence has risen dramatically across the world in recent years. The individual factors whereby elevated core temperature produces HI are not well-understood. Given known physiological differences between men and women pertaining to temperature regulation,...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.020
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increased nitrogen (N) fertilizer usage caused substantial nitrate (NO3-) leaching into groundwater and eutrophication in downstream aquatic systems. Riparian zones positioned as the link interfaces of terrestrial and aquatic environments are effective in NO3- removal. However, the microbial mechanisms regulating ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108867
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between external exposure and internal doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has not been established for people living in industrial areas. This study was carried out to estimate the relationship between particle-phase PAH exposure and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels among the adult...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.007
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Amazon rainforest has sustained human existence for more than 10,000 years. Part of this has been the way that the forest controls regional climate including precipitation important for the ecosystem as well as agroforestry and farming. In addition, the Amazon also affects the global weather systems, so cutting do...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108887
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural-occurring minerals representative of six silicate classes were examined for their influence on interferon induction by influenza virus in Rhesus monkey kidney (LLC-MK2) cell monolayers. Minerals within the classes nesosilicate, sorosilicate, cyclosilicate, and inosilicate exhibited either little or marked (50%...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80040-3
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of humic acids in the transport of trace elements in the Sava river biocycle (near Zagreb, Yugloslavia) has been investigated by means of neutron activation analysis. Humic acids can accumulate certain trace elements, but little is known about their selectivity under certain physicochemical conditions. Humic ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80052-4
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Penicillic acid (PA) is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. This mycotoxin is toxic in experimental animals and has also been reported to be carcinogenic. The cytotoxicity of penicillic acid was studied in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. The effects of penicillic ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80145-1
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although air pollution and social stress may independently increase childhood asthma, little is known on their synergistic effect on asthma, particularly in China with high levels of stress and air pollution. OBJECTIVES:To examine associations between exposure to a combination of parental stress and air pol...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.003
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine which of the faster and slower large myelinated nerve fibers (alpha fiber group) are more sensitive to chronic lead exposure, the distribution of nerve conduction velocities (DCV) as well as conventional sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) were measured once a month for 20 and 11 months in two male le...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.1993.1118
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accidental contamination of livestock in Michigan in 1973 with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the establishment of a registry of exposed individuals in 1976. At the time of enrollment, serum was collected and analyzed for PBBs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In 1997, women aged 18 years or older and acti...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2006.11.010
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous estimates of childhood lead poisoning prevention benefits have quantified the present value of some health benefits, but not the costs of lead paint hazard control or the benefits associated with housing and energy markets. Because older housing with lead paint constitutes the main exposure source today in th...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.003
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seawater pollution problems are gaining interest worldwide because of their public health impact and other issues. Levels of pollutants at Gaza Beach determined the only recreational area for the inhabitants of Gaza were recently determined and shown to be high. Five bathing sites in the Middle Camps area along the Ga...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2005.07.005
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder highly attributed to genetics, but the combination of other social and environmental determinants, as well as potential gene-environment interactions, can also be responsible. This paper aims to review relevant literature published up to April 2018 for determining whether a...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.030
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The number of studies on air pollution with birth defects as the primary outcome has increased dramatically over the past two decades, but the potential role of specific air pollutants in congenital limb anomalies remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate associations between preconception and first-trimester...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109643
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between short-term changes in ambient pollution (particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3)) and the risk of ischemic stroke among individuals living in a bi-ethnic community and whether this association is modified by ethnicity. METHODS:We ident...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.031
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Uranium miners are chronically exposed to radon and its progeny, which are known to cause lung cancer and may be associated with leukemia. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk of non-lung solid cancers among uranium miners in Příbram region, Czech Republic. METHODS:A retrospective stratified case-coho...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.008
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.2 ppm ozone (O3) for 14 days and at intervals alveolar macrophages were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage to examine the effects of O3. The specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase of alveolar macrophages increased to 1.6-fold (on the 3rd ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(89)80023-4
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in electrical equipment and a range of construction materials. Although banned in the United States and most of Europe in the 1970s, they are highly persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate. Whether PCBs are associated with liver cancer risk at general popula...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109690
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ash from dome-forming volcanoes poses a unique hazard to millions of people worldwide due to an abundance of respirable cristobalite, a crystalline silica polymorph. Crystalline silica is an established respiratory hazard in other mixed dusts, but its toxicity strongly depends on sample provenance. Previous studies su...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.020
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paraquat is known to produce hyperglycemia in rodents, although the mechanisms responsible for the hyperglycemic effect of paraquat are not clearly understood. In this study we report the effects of paraquat (25 mg/kg iv) on plasma glucose, cortisol, catecholamines, and insulin in dogs. Paraquat caused a significant i...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(83)90169-x
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper discusses sampling and design considerations relevant to the estimation of exposure to organochlorine compounds in epidemiological studies. We consider exposures measured directly via biomarkers of exposure in the body. It is critical for the design, implementation, and evaluation of studies that epidemiolo...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.1994.1026
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understoo...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with poorer cognitive function cross-sectionally in aging adults, however the association between cumulative Pb exposure and longitudinal changes in cognition is little characterized. METHODS:In a 1993-2007 subcohort of the VA Normative Aging Study (Mini-mental status ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.007
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prenatal lead exposure has been reported to affect infant growth and nervous system development, as well as to influence DNA methylation. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study to identify associations between prenatal lead exposure and cord blood DNA methylation in Korean infants. METHODS:Cord bl...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2021.110767
更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Both traffic-related noise and air pollution have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Spatial correlations between these environmental stressors may entail mutual confounding in epidemiological studies investigating their long-term effects. Few studies have investigated their correlation - non...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2010.10.013
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been linked to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health effects. Activation of both inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways has been observed and may be a probable cause of these outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that in human monocytes, PM-induced oxidative and i...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.019
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rapid transmission tendency, severity, and wide geographical spread of newly emerged novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in different environmental matrices, including water, air, and soil, has posed severe health, environmental, energy, and economic challenges worldwide. Despite the severe health effects, unprecedente...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110443
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
