Abstract:
:Neutropenia induced by intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are increasingly commonly complicated by fungal infections; thus prophylaxis may be justified. The authors surveyed the literature and culled their experience - few randomized trials have been done and definitions have often been poor. In prophylaxis of mucosal candidosis, miconazole and clotrimazole may both be more effective than placebo. Nystatin is ineffective and ketoconazole of medicine efficacy. Fluconazole is effective at 50 mg/day and 400 mg/day. Itraconazole and amphotericin B both need further evaluation. In prevention of systemic candidosis, oral nystatin prophylaxis, up to 4 X 10(6) U/day, is usually unsuccessful, though compliance is variable. Oral amphotericin B in low doses is ineffective, but 50 mg or more 4 times daily may prevent systemic candidosis, though compliance is variable. Oral ketoconazole, 400-600 mg/day, is possibly effective prophylaxis in neutropenia but not after bone marrow transplantation; liver function (often abnormal in these patients) is a problem, as is tolerability. Oral fluconazole is well tolerated, has reliable serum concentrations and is effective following bone marrow transplantation, but the optimum dose is uncertain. In bone marrow transplantation, intravenous amphotericin B, 0.1 mg/kg/day, appears to be effective; there are no data in neutropenia. Oral itraconazole (capsules, 200 mg/day) may be active; data are scanty. In prevention of invasive aspergillosis, itraconazole, 200 mg/day, is probably active, but only if adequate serum concentrations are achieved. New oral and intravenous itraconazole formulations in cyclodextrin may achieve more reliable serum concentrations. No oral drug provides effective prophylaxis against Torulopsis, Fusarium, Trichosporon, or Pseudallescheria.
journal_name
Chemotherapyjournal_title
Chemotherapyauthors
Denning DW,Donnelly JP,Hellreigel KP,Ito J,Martino P,van't Wout JWdoi
10.1159/000239052subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
43-9eissn
0009-3157issn
1421-9794journal_volume
38 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
CHEMOTHERAPY文献大全abstract::Oxygen radical generation by blood cells before and after chemotherapy was investigated in 16 elderly (72.8 +/- 1.0 years) and 14 adult (45.0 +/- 2.4 years) patients with lung cancer, using a lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method. The oxygen radical generation by 100 microliters of blood before chemotherapy in ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239348
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings justify the opinion that Chlamydia psittaci is the reappearance of a forgotten pathogen. The clinical manifestation and the course of psittacosis are extremely variable, whereas the clinical spectrum of the infection with the different strains of C. psittaci is not known. Reactive arthritis during the ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238846
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular/extracellular (C/E) concentration ratio of teicoplanin in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) increased rapidly with time (C/E 60 +/- 13 at 20 min). The C/E ratio was time- and concentration-dependent. At 20 min and an initial concentration of 75 +/- 16 micrograms/ml the cellular drug concentration was 4,...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238576
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gram-negative bacilli are the most common bacteria causing nosocomial bloodstream infections (NBSIs) in Latin American countries. METHODS:The antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from blood cultures in pediatric patients with NBSIs over a 3-year period in a tertiary care pediatri...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000362085
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cefepime is active against bacteria producing chromosomally and plasmid-mediated extended broad-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for acquisition of cefepime resistance in Escherichia coli strains among hospitalized patients in a university hospital in Sanandaj, Iran. The...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000323623
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silver sulfadiazine was found to be devoid of mutagenic potential in a sensitive mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium. In view of the close relationship between mutagenicity in this system and carcinogenicity in animals, these findings suggest that silver sulfadiazine is apparently also devoid of carcinogen...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000237765
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and, as appropriate,...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1159/000239386
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied penicillin-binding protein (PBP) profiles of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains stably derepressed for constitutive, type Id beta-lactamase overproduction. Substantial levels of beta-lactamase were found to be strongly associated with isolated inner membranes of these two strains, as well as from a plasmid-...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238612
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neither cefoperazone, cefotaxime, mezlocillin nor piperacillin significantly killed intraphagocytic bacteria of representative assay strains of Serratia marcescens, as determined with 55 vol% of fresh defibrinated human blood treated with 2 mg/ml of phenylbutazone, which permitted phagocytic ingestion of bacteria, but...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238173
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of a regression analysis of the correlation between minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibitory zone diameter, interpretative criteria are established for the agar diffusion test with ceftriaxone disks (30 micrograms) in DST agar according to the DIN method. The correlation is good (r = -0.9242)...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238245
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An ethylacetate-soluble fraction (ET4) from the lichen Ramalina farinacea has previously been shown to inhibit the infectivity of lentiviral and adenoviral vectors, as well as wild-type HIV-1. We now determined the antiviral activity of ET4 against other wild-type viruses, including the herpes simplex virus ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000194974
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The success of perioperative prophylaxis in gallbladder surgery was examined in two prospective randomized studies with a total of 326 patients. Postoperative wound-healing impairments did not occur in any of the patients receiving a single preoperative application of an antibiotic with a high biliary elimination rate...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000238511
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::17,244 pathogens isolated from clinical specimens of 24 hospitals in the Moers area (North-Rhine Westphalia, FRG) were tested in regard to their susceptibility to Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid). For this purpose, minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by use of microbroth dilution technique. 80...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238588
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite extensive research efforts, effective therapies for refractive cancers have not yet been established, and development of successful treatment strategies remains the most important task in the field of oncology. We recently showed that AVE8062 (formerly AC7700), a derivative of combretastatin A-4, achieved irre...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000088961
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is evidence that a variety of anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxic activity by a free-radical-mediated mechanism. These drugs include anthracyclines such as adriamycin, daunorubicin, 4-epi-adriblastin as well as bleomycin, procarbazine, vincristin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and mitomycin C. The aim of this s...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000239163
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen adult beagles (10-12 kg) were used to evaluate combinations of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-biscarboethoxyamino-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ, aziridinylbenzoquinone), 1,3-bis-2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine), and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (CDDP, cisplatin) administered by intravenous or intracarotid infu...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238532
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the presence of cardiac comorbidities can be challenging considering that the standard treatment regimen used for this aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) consists of a combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, Oncovin (vincris...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000452756
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular (CV) adverse events are considered common complications of ponatinib treatment. Recently, it has been demonstrated that ponatinib dose reductions in definite settings can obtain optimal responses and lower ponatinib-related CV events. In this study, we describe the management of 5 patients with chronic ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type:
doi:10.1159/000504664
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minimal bactericidal concentrations of thienamycin revealed moderate intraphagolysosomal bactericidal activity against pseudo-(PSR) and genuinely serum-resistant (NSS) assay strains of Serratia marcescens. Combinations of inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of thienamycin with 55 vol% of defibrinated human blo...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238185
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of tinidazole on several ciliates (Stylonychia muscorum, Stylonychia mytilus, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Vorticella companula) has been studied. There is a very pronounced difference in sensitivity against this drug between the free-living ciliates here investigated and certain parasitic protozoa. A high resis...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000237820
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It was the aim of our study to evaluate the in vitro activities of tetracycline (TET), erythromycin (ERY) and levofloxacin (LVX) alone and in dual combinations against ureaplasmas. METHODS:The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 51 ureaplasmal strains were determined by microdilution assay. RESULTS:TE...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000323629
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin almost entirely eliminated by glomerular filtration and dose reductions are essential in patients with renal impairment. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of ceftazidime make it susceptible to be eliminated by continuous renal replacement thera...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000100864
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-two children (mean age 23 months) with acute otitis media were treated randomly with either a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 50 mg/kg (27 patients) or 7 days of amoxicillin 12.5 mg/kg t.i.d. (25 patients). The rate of resolution of acute symptoms and incidence of recurrences and relapses dur...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000238646
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with norfloxacin administered by the oral and subcutaneous routes to mice and rats, and by the oral route to rhesus monkeys. The compound was moderately well absorbed following oral dosing in these animal species. Serum levels in monkeys ranged from 1.0 to 2.35 micrograms/ml afte...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238283
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microbiological properties of cephapirin, a new semisynthetis cephalosporin, have been studied. This antibiotic, if compared with ampicillin, shows a greater activity against gram positive bacteria, a lack of sensitivity to staphlococcal beta-lactamase, and a lower sensitivity to those produced by gram-negative ba...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000221871
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A semi-automated microdilution test was adapted for the in vitro testing of potential antitrichomonal agents. Washed cell suspensions of the pathogenic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis were incubated in microtitration plates for 4 h at 37 degrees C in the presence radiolabelled adenine and serial dilutions of the test ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238327
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pneumolysin is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae with cytotoxic and proinflammatory activities released during growth and autolysis. At concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration, the protein-synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics erythromycin, clindamycin and rifampicin inhib...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000107691
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility of 983 isolates of Staphyloccus aureus to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline was determined in vitro. Minocycline was shown to be more active than doxycycline, which in turn was shown to be slightly more active than tetracycline. 77% of the isolates which were resistant to tetracycline were also ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000221939
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gallbladder cancer is a common and lethal digestive malignancy which is nonsensitive to routine chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the major chemotherapeutic drugs for patients with gallbladder cancer. We tried to evaluate if combined use of somatostatin (SST) and DOX could have synergistic effect in ...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000158662
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biliary excretion of cefaclor, a new orally active cephalosporin, was studied in vitro using an isolated rabbit liver preparation perfused for 3 h (n = 5). Under these conditions, bile recovery amounted to 2.3% of the cefaclor dose added to the circulating blood (10 mg). In humans, after oral administration of a 1-gra...
journal_title:Chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000238075
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00