Abstract:
:Over the past decade there has been a revolution in the understanding and care of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-associated disease. Much of this progress stems from a broader recognition of the importance of differences in viral types, including receptor preference(s), replication properties, and reservoirs, as contributing factors to immunosuppresion and disease progression. In contrast, there is limited conceptualizatin of viral diversity and turnover in the brain and circulation in relation to neurocognitive impairments. Herein, the authors review current concepts regarding viral molecular diversity and phenotypes together with features of HIV-1 neuroinvasion, neurotropism, neurovirulence and neurosusceptiblity. Viral genetic and antigenic diversity is reduced within the brain compared to blood or other systemic organs within individuals. Conversely, viral molecular heterogeneity is greater in patients with HIV-associated dementia compared to nondemented patients, depending on the viral gene examined. Individual viral proteins exert multiple neuropathogenic effects, although the neurological consequences of different viral polymorphisms remain uncertain. Nonetheless, host genetic polymorphisms clearly influence neurological disease outcomes and likely dictate both acquired and innate immune responses, which in turn shape viral evolution within the host. Emerging issues include widespread antiretroviral therapy resistance and increasing awareness of viral superinfections together with viral recombination, all of which are likely to impact on both HIV genetic variation and neuropathogenesis. With the persisting prevalence of HIV-induced neurocognitive disabilities, despite marked improvements in managing immunosuppression, it remains imperative to fully define and understand the mechanisms by which viral dynamics and diversity contribute to neurological disease, permitting the development of new therapeutic strategies.
journal_name
J Neuroviroljournal_title
Journal of neurovirologyauthors
van Marle G,Power Cdoi
10.1080/13550280590922838subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
107-28issue
2eissn
1355-0284issn
1538-2443pii
K306R212512Q0Q45journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In the era of the AIDS pandemic, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has ceased being a rare disease. Prevalence estimates from clinical and pathological series suggest that up to 5% of all HIV-infected persons will develop PML. The extraordinary frequency with which PML attends HIV infection vastly excee...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13550280390195261
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activated murine cytotoxic T cells express the NKG2D natural cytotoxicity receptor. This receptor recognizes major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecules expressed on the surface of infected cells and serves to augment T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The role of NKG2D-mediated augmentation in the cleara...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280802105002
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), also manifests neurological complications. HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is the most severe form of HIV-induced neurocognitive disorders. HIV encephalitis (HIVE), the pathological correlate of HAD, is characterized by ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13550280802074539
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of the characteristic pathological features - amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles - of AD brain are unknown, despite the enormous resources provided over the years for their investigation. Indeed, the only generally accepted risk factors are age, Down syndrome, carria...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280701802543
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is described for amplification of the complete genome of the human polyomavirus JC (JCV) from progressive multifocal leukuencephalopathy (PML) brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PML patients, and from the urine of controls without neurological disease. Efficient amplification with the 'long PCR' method is ac...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289509114028
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated central nervous system (CNS) infection is a rare disease. We report an atypical manifestation of EBV encephalitis initially presenting with a tumor-like lesion of the optic tract in an immunocompromised patient 8 years after a combined kidney and pancreas transplantation had been pe...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280802345715
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the possible role for human herpesviruses (HHV) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) neither clear distinction between the two variants of HHV-6, nor the involvement of HHV-7 have been described. Therefore, we quantitated HHV-6 variant specific and HHV-7 reacting antibodies in the CSF of 13 patients with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289909045382
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintaining the viral genome intact following infection and prior to replication is critical to the virus life cycle. Here we report an analysis of the stability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes, relative to host chromosomal DNA, in infected cells as a function of viral induced apoptosis. The results sho...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280600975358
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::On 18 July 2014, the National Institute of Mental Health in collaboration with ViiV Health Care and Boehringer Ingelheim supported a symposium on HIV eradication and what it meant for the brain. The symposium was an affiliated event to the 20th International AIDS Conference. The meeting was held in Melbourne, Australi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type:
doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0322-6
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating eukaryotic genome replication and gene expression in diverse biological systems. Here, we identified lncRNAs transcribed from pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected PK-15 cells. Based on high-throughput sequencing data, we obtained 87,263,926 and 93,947,628 c...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-018-0651-3
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is increasingly evident that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) has a unique role in neuropathogenesis. Its ability to induce G2/M arrest coupled with its capacity to increase viral gene transcription gives it a unique role in sustaining viral replication and aiding in the establi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s13365-016-0436-5
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last 3 years have seen a dramatic fall in mortality and morbidity from HIV infection. Four factors have contributed to this: an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection; the availability of tests that could measure plasma viral burden; the development of new and more powerful drugs such as the p...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::After uniocular anterior chamber (AC) inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), virus and TNF alpha (TNF-alpha) are detected in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The goal of this study was to investigate the role of TNF-alpha and macrophages in the brain of HSV-1-infected BALB/c mice. Mice were treated with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280601039030
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A neuroinvasive/neuropathogenic SIV variant termed SIVmac182 was previously isolated and characterized (Watry et al, 1994). This neuroinvasive strain was derived from the uncloned strain SIVmac251 through serial animal passage of infected microglia, unlike previously reported neurovirulent strains. Importantly, the vi...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289809114528
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recombinant adenovirus vector bearing the IL-4 gene (AD-IL-4) was used to infect rat glioma C6 cells in culture at multiplicity of infections (MOI) from 50 to 1800. C6 cell proliferation was not altered significantly by adenoviral infection. However, IL-4 production increased in a dose-dependent manner. To ascertain...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289809114523
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to assess lithium safety and tolerability and to explore its impact on cognition, function, and neuroimaging biomarkers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with cognitive impairment. Fifteen cognitively impaired HIV-infected subjects were enrolled in this 10-week ope...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280902758973
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon-inducible expression of major histocompatibility class I genes has previously been found to be quantitatively and functionally deficient in neurons compared to other somatic cells or other neural cell types including astrocytes. This deficiency is a key component of neuronal immunoprivilege during viral inf...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289909021998
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although no longer considered therapeutically beneficial, antiretroviral treatment interruptions (TIs) still occur frequently among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for a variety of reasons. TIs typically result in viral rebound and worsening immunosuppression, which in turn are risk factors ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280802372313
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An elevated human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load (PVL) is an important risk factor for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), although there is a considerable frequency of asymptomatic carriers (AC) with high PVL in blood. Our objective was to evaluate whether PVL qua...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-018-0632-6
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over 65% of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reside in sub-Saharan Africa, and thus efforts to change the course of the HIV-1 pandemic should focus on this geographic region. Here, we discuss factors, including sexually transmitted diseases and hormonal contraceptive use, that impa...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) latent infection of ganglion neurons follows axoplasmic transport of HSV, probably in the form of nucleocapsid from peripheral sites of infection (e.g. footpad). This raises the possibility that latency is dependent on this particular means of presenting HSV to ganglion neurons. To investiga...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289809113497
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among HIV-infected patients is heterogeneous in its reported presentations and frequencies. To determine the prevalence of NCI and its associated subtypes as well as predictive variables, we investigated patients with HIV/AIDS receiving universal health care. Recruited adult HIV-infecte...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00791-6
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human parechoviruses (HPeV) are classified into 14 genotypes. HPeV1 and HPeV2 are the most prevalent genotypes in young children, which have been associated with mild to severe diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of HPeVs in aseptic meningitis and sepsis-like illness in Iran. Viral RNA wa...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s13365-013-0221-7
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A postmarketing surveillance study was undertaken to investigate the safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) under routine treatment conditions. A total of 273 cases from 91 medical institutions were registered into the survey. So far, 167...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280701397627
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) is a multifunctional protein that participates in both transcription and replication. NF-1 proteins exist as a family of proteins that share some common structural and functional features but also demonstrate organ and cell type specific expression. Based upon these characteristics, the family ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289609146542
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral factors responsible for HSV neurovirulence in humans are still unknown. The aim of this work was to investigate the hypothesis that viral variants might contribute to the specific neurovirulence of some HSV strains. HSV-1 DNA was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in ten patients with HSV encephalitis (HSE...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13550289609146892
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of dementia, a significant proportion of HIV-infected individuals cease therapy because of unacceptable side effects. Further, HAART is not available to the majority of HIV-infected people worldwide. Thus, animal models remain an important...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/13550280290101076
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China, has been associated to a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 infection a global pandemic. Soon after, the numb...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00862-z
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monocenter observational study was conducted to determine the clinical and virological effects of cidofovir added to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Exposure to other anti-viral drugs or late initiation of cidofovir were exclusion cri...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280152537274
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated in neurological complications in developed countries. Developing countries have different viral clades and potentially different genetic and social risks for these complications. Baseline neurological performance measures associated with HIV infection have rarely ...
journal_title:Journal of neurovirology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13550280601169837
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00