Detection of potential GDF6 regulatory elements by multispecies sequence comparisons and identification of a skeletal joint enhancer.

Abstract:

:The identification of noncoding functional elements within vertebrate genomes, such as those that regulate gene expression, is a major challenge. Comparisons of orthologous sequences from multiple species are effective at detecting highly conserved regions and can reveal potential regulatory sequences. The GDF6 gene controls developmental patterning of skeletal joints and is associated with numerous, distant cis-acting regulatory elements. Using sequence data from 14 vertebrate species, we performed novel multispecies comparative analyses to detect highly conserved sequences flanking GDF6. The complementary tools WebMCS and ExactPlus identified a series of multispecies conserved sequences (MCSs). Of particular interest are MCSs within noncoding regions previously shown to contain GDF6 regulatory elements. A previously reported conserved sequence at -64 kb was also detected by both WebMCS and ExactPlus. Analysis of LacZ-reporter transgenic mice revealed that a 440-bp segment from this region contains an enhancer for Gdf6 expression in developing proximal limb joints. Several other MCSs represent candidate GDF6 regulatory elements; many of these are not conserved in fish or frog, but are strongly conserved in mammals.

journal_name

Genomics

journal_title

Genomics

authors

Portnoy ME,McDermott KJ,Antonellis A,Margulies EH,Prasad AB,NISC Comparative Sequencing Program.,Kingsley DM,Green ED,Mortlock DP

doi

10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.05.003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-09-01 00:00:00

pages

295-305

issue

3

eissn

0888-7543

issn

1089-8646

pii

S0888-7543(05)00131-X

journal_volume

86

pub_type

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