Abstract:
:A single-pulse TMS to the human motor cortex (M1) influences reaction time (RT). We may summarize from previous studies where different groups of subjects participated in various types of RT tasks that TMS above motor threshold (MT) delays RT, whereas TMS below MT shortens RT and that these RT changes depends on TMS timings during RT period. However, these effects have never been systematically investigated in a single study where an identical group of subjects participated. The purpose of this study is to test previous TMS effects in a study of simple RT task. Seven subjects isometrically abducted their right index fingers as quickly as possible when a visual stimulus appeared. A single-pulse TMS was randomly delivered over the left M1 at various timings during RT period in a single trial (at 0, 40, 60, 80 or 100 ms after the visual stimulus). Motor-evoked potential (MEP) and EMG activity for response were recorded from the right finger muscles. Only the TMS above MT delivered at 80 or 100 ms, which increased MEP amplitude, significantly delayed RT and increased the size of response EMG activities that may reflect contents of central motor commands. The TMS below MT at these timings, which occasionally evoked MEP, exclusively shortened RT despite the fact that the response EMG size was unchanged. A single-pulse TMS has different effects on the ongoing neuronal processes in M1 during the pre-movement period: TMS above MT may temporally retard the processes and also affect contents of central motor commands, whereas TMS below MT may simply facilitate its processes without affecting motor commands.
journal_name
Neurosci Resjournal_title
Neuroscience researchauthors
Hashimoto T,Inaba D,Matsumura M,Naito Edoi
10.1016/j.neures.2004.08.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
427-36issue
4eissn
0168-0102issn
1872-8111pii
S0168-0102(04)00205-6journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To study the contribution of retinal and cortical afferents to the patterns of glutamate- and homocysteate-like immunoreactivities in dorsal lateral geniculate, combined retinal and cortical ablations were performed in rats. In controls, glutamate immunoreactivity was in terminal-like dots and neurons. Homocysteate im...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(97)01162-0
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, little was known about the rostral part of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMdr). In the present study, somatotopical representations of the PMdr were electrophysiologically identified in the macaque monkey, and the distribution of corticostriatal input from the forelimb region of the PMdr was analyzed in ...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2003.09.006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The older neurocentric view of the central nervous system (CNS) has changed radically with the growing understanding of the many essential functions of astrocytes. Advances in our understanding of astrocytes include new observations about their structure, organization, function and supportive actions to other cells. A...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.06.004
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different tracer substances were injected into the superior colliculus (CoS) in order to study its afferents and efferents with the meso-rhombencephalic tegmentum, the precerebellar nuclei and the cerebellum in the Madagascan hedgehog tenrec. The overall pattern of tectal connectivity in tenrec was similar to that in ...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(97)00034-5
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined effects of carbachol (CCh), muscarinic receptor agonist, on long-term potentiation (LTP) of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse of guinea pig hippocampal slices using extracellular recording technique. Application of 0.1 microM CCh to the slices significantly ...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(96)01147-9
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a method of monitoring brain oxygenation. This technique investigates hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex. fNIRS is widely used in clinical and scientific research. In this review, we focus on the applications of fNIRS on neonates. Here, applications form two dis...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2020.11.003
更新日期:2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Efferent neurons to the cochlea in the guinea pig were observed in the superior olivary complex and ventral lateral lemniscal nuclei after injection of WGA-HRP into the cochlea via the round window. Of HRP-labeled nerve cells found in the brainstem, about 60% and 10% were located in the ipsilateral lateral superior ol...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0168-0102(88)90003-x
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the functional organization in the monkey inferotemporal cortex, which is the last exclusively visual area along the ventral visual cortical pathway, optical imaging based on intrinsic signals was carried out. We first conducted single-cell recordings with microelectrodes and determined the features cri...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(98)00062-5
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deficiency in n-3 fatty acids is known to disturb the release of dopaminergic neurotransmitters in rat brain. Since isomerization reduces the bioavailability of dietary fatty acids, the effect of the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid into trans alpha-linolenic acid on the dopaminergic neurotransmission was studied. R...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00249-3
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent rapid progress in genome analysis and large-scale consortia has made it possible to discover variants with a variety of allele frequencies and effect sizes associated with psychiatric disorders. Among psychiatric disorder-susceptibility variants, rare variants with large effect sizes detected by sequencing anal...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2020.11.008
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Immunohistochemical staining for GD3 in adult rat brain was carried out using mouse IgM anti-GD3 monoclonal antibody (DSG-1). Neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and various nuclei of the thalamus were immunoreactive. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells, granule cells and also basket cells were ...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0168-0102(94)90134-1
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coexistence of varying combinations of substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu (ENK) with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as semiquantitatively revealed by immunocytochemistry in neuronal perikarya of the raphe pallidus et obscurus in the guinea-pig was a...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0168-0102(89)90033-3
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a synthetic analogue of Joro spider toxin (JSTX), on alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors were studied in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. A population of cultured neurons had ...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(97)00067-9
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the efficacy of mifepristone on weight restoration in rats subjected to dietary restriction and methylphenidate administration. 25 female rats aged between 9 and 12 months were divided into 2 groups: 5 controls (exposed only to dietary restriction) and 20 rats that were administered 5 mg/kg/d of m...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2017.12.008
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the visual system, the afferent axons from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to the primary visual cortex (V1) show significant activity-dependent plasticity in early postnatal life. To determine whether activity-dependent plasticity operates also in feedback projections from V1 to dLGN, we inactivated c...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.02.002
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was made of the effects of taurine on GABArho1 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The EC(50) and reversal potentials for GABA, taurine and glycine currents were 2.3+/-0.4 microM (-25+/-0.9 mV), 5+/-0.8mM (-27+/-0.4 mV) and 7+/-0.5mM (-22+/-0.6 mV), respectively. Co-application of GABA and taurine, reveale...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2008.03.009
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) is one of the major output nuclei of the basal ganglia in rodents. Previous studies have divided it into rostral and caudal halves, with the former containing somatostatin (SOM)-immunoreactive neurons and the latter dominated by parvalbumin (PV)-containing neurons, respectively. Howeve...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.02.006
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the vertebrate nervous system, glutamate (Glu) receptors are generally known to cause depolarizing responses. We report here a novel type of Glu response in Purkinje neurons of mouse cerebellar slices, namely glutamate-induced hyperpolarization (GH). This response is not due to activation of inhibitory interneurons...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0168-0102(92)90047-g
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using Mayahara's method, the distribution of K(+)-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity was examined electron microscopically in the synaptic regions of the cerebral cortex of 10, 15 and 60-day-old Wistar rats. The enzyme achieved gradually its characteristic localization and uniform distribution. The main devel...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0168-0102(95)01004-1
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the patterns of membrane potential changes in vocal cord tensor motoneurons, i.e. cricothyroid muscle motoneurons (CTMs), during fictive breathing, vocalization, coughing, and swallowing in decerebrate paralyzed cats to determine the nature of central drives to CTMs during these behaviors. CTMs were identif...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2004.03.009
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of imperatorin (a furanocoumarin isolated from fruits of Angelica archangelica) in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure threshold model. The threshold for electroconvulsions in mice was determined at several times: 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after i.p. admin...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2007.05.004
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA-positive cells were visualized by non-isotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the preoptic area (POA) in gonadectomized juvenile female and male rats. In the rostral POA (rPOA) at the level of the anteroventr...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00025-1
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of tooth loss on the viability of cholinergic neurons was examined in rats. At 25th postnatal week, rats were divided into the three groups; a control group fed a solid diet, a soft diet group fed a powder diet and a molar crown-less group in which all molar crowns were removed and the powder diet was gi...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00063-9
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effects of the odors from mother's milk, other mother's milk and formula milk on pain responses in newborns undergoing routine heelsticks. Forty-eight healthy infants were assigned to four groups, an own mother's breast milk odor group (Own MM), another mother's breast milk odor group (Other MM), a for...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2008.10.007
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electromyograms were recorded from the intralaryngeal muscles (the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles) and the ventilatory muscles (the diaphragm (DA) and abdominal (RA) muscle) during electrically induced vocalization in precollicular postmammillary decerebrate cats. Electrical stimulation...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0168-0102(93)90032-l
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in our understanding of brain function have come from using light to either control or image neuronal activity. Here we describe an approach that combines both techniques: a micromirror array is used to photostimulate populations of presynaptic neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2, while a red-shifted...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2012.11.006
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated brain activity in 3-5-year-old preschoolers as they listened to connected speech stimuli in Japanese (first language), English (second language), and Chinese (a rarely exposed, foreign language) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Unlike the younger preschoolers who had been exposed to English for almost...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2012.02.004
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have been advocating cognitive developmental robotics to obtain new insight into the development of human cognitive functions by utilizing synthetic and constructive approaches. Among the different emotional functions, empathy is difficult to model, but essential for robots to be social agents in our society. In my...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.12.002
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We carried out voltage-sensitive dye imaging of the guinea pig auditory cortex to determine whether the ongoing and spontaneous activities of the cortex exhibit spatial coherence reflecting the tonotopic organization of the cortex. We used independent component analysis and a signal-plus-noise model to extract ongoing...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2008.01.007
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forebrain heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) immunohistochemical reactivity was investigated in rats subjected to gamma knife irradiation focusing on the right caudate putamen nucleus. The forebrain sections of all experimental animals were processed with anti-HSP70 antiserum and then by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex im...
journal_title:Neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(00)00134-6
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00