Four-dimensional gene expression control: memories on the fly.

abstract：:Recent results shed new light on how some nervous systems can regenerate after injury while others cannot. Until recently, it was widely believed that the main difference between systems that regenerate and those that do not lies in the normal state of their permissiveness to the regenerating axons. Thus, while nonreg...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sivron T,Schwartz M

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic genetic screens have been powerful tools in identifying genes responsible for axon guidance in fruitflies and nematodes. This approach has now been extended to the study of axon guidance and the formation of topographic neuronal connections in the vertebrate brain. A systematic genetic screen was used to id...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Karlstrom RO,Trowe T,Bonhoeffer F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abundant tau-positive neurofibrillary lesions constitute a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Filamentous tau pathology is also central to a number of other dementing disorders, such as Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and familial frontotemporal ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spillantini MG,Goedert M

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholinergic interneurons have emerged as one of the key players controlling network functions in the striatum. Extracellularly recorded cholinergic interneurons acquire characteristic responses to sensory stimuli during reward-related learning, including a pause and subsequent rebound in spiking. However, the precise ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schulz JM,Reynolds JN

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (chorea), intellectual impairment and selective neuronal loss. The expansion of a polymorphic trinucleotide repeat (the sequence CAG that codes for glutamine) to a length t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reddy PH,Williams M,Tagle DA

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complement proteins are ancient components of innate immunity that have emerged as crucial regulators of neural networks. We discuss these roles in the context of the CNS development, acute CNS viral infections, and post-infectious and noninfectious CNS disorders, with an emphasis on microglia-mediated loss of synapse...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kanmogne M,Klein RS

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex issue of translating the planning of arm movements into muscle forces is discussed in relation to the recent discovery of structures in the spinal cord. These structures contain circuitry that, when activated, produce precisely balanced contractions in groups of muscles. These synergistic contractions gene...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bizzi E,Giszter SF,Loeb E,Mussa-Ivaldi FA,Saltiel P

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels that open on binding to extracellular ATP; they play a role in fast synaptic transmission between neurones, and from autonomic nerves to smooth muscles. Isolation of cDNAs that encode P2X receptors in the smooth muscle of vas deferens and in phaeochromocytoma cells indic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Surprenant A,Buell G,North RA

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic alterations in the structure of the neuronal cytoskeleton are necessary for axonal growth and guidance during development and may also be involved in modulation of synaptic function. Recent evidence suggests that the structural and mechanochemical properties of the cytoskeletal protein, actin, are critical to ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forscher P

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease that is characterized by the relentless death of motoneurons. Mutations to Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), though occurring in just 2-3% of individuals with ALS, remain the only proven cause of the disease. These mutations structurally weaken SOD, which indirec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Beckman JS,Estévez AG,Crow JP,Barbeito L

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pain is sustained by central neuronal sensitization, with many similar characteristics irrespective of the type of injury incurred. Nevertheless, pain arising from nerve injury (neuropathic pain) is resistant to centrally acting analgesics, whereas inflammatory pain responds well. New research indicates that t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Garry EM,Fleetwood-Walker SM

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How does an extracellular guidance molecule direct multiple growth cones to different positions? The answer is important for understanding the development of complex neural connections. UNC-6 is a member of the netrin family of guidance proteins. It has phylogenetically conserved domains that mediate its different gui...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wadsworth WG

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptically released glutamate activates extrasynaptic receptors; such actions are controlled by glutamate uptake. Recent experimental findings show that there are many more glutamate transporters on the postsynaptic than presynaptic side of the vicinity of central synapses. This asymmetry favours activation of axona...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rusakov DA,Lehre KP

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tan KR,Rudolph U,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To localize a sound source in space, the auditory system detects minute differences in the arrival time of a sound between the two ears. It has long been assumed that delay lines and coincidence detectors turn these time differences into a labelled line code for source position, but recent studies challenge this view....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schnupp J

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in understanding the biology of neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways have provided important insights into the normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of neurons. Stimulated by neuropathological observations and genetic discoveries, studies in cell and animal models of neurodegenerative di...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Salehi A,Delcroix JD,Mobley WC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging is the most important risk factor for common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Aging in the central nervous system has been associated with elevated mutation load in mitochondrial DNA, defects in mitochondrial respiration and increased oxidative damage. These observations ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Fukui H,Moraes CT

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rather than merely a nuisance, noise in biological systems is a useful property. Before patch-clamp methods were invented, analysis of membrane current noise provided the first solid, if indirect, evidence for the existence of ion-conducting pores with discrete conductance levels. Although supplanted by single-channel...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Traynelis SF,Jaramillo F

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanosensation in Drosophila relies on sensory neurons transducing mechanical stimuli into ionic currents. The molecular mechanisms of this transduction are in the process of being revealed. Transduction relies on mechanogated ion channels that are activated by membrane stretch or the tension of force-conveying teth...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hehlert P,Zhang W,Göpfert MC

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditioning and extinction of fear have traditionally been viewed as two independent learning processes for encoding representations of contexts or cues (conditioned stimuli, CS), aversive events (unconditioned stimuli, US), and their relationship. Based on the analysis of protein kinase signaling patterns in neurons...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tronson NC,Corcoran KA,Jovasevic V,Radulovic J

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How should evolution and development build the brain to be capable of flexible and generative cognition? I wish to put forth a 'power-of-two'-based wiring logic that provides the basic computational principle in organizing the microarchitecture of cell assemblies that would readily enable knowledge and adaptive behavi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tsien JZ

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory dendrites fall into many different morphological and functional classes. Polymodal nociceptors are one subclass of sensory neurons, which are of particular note owing to their elaborate dendritic arbors. Complex developmental programs are required to form these arbors and there is striking conservation of morp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hall DH,Treinin M

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent stru...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zhou HX,Wollmuth LP

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite extensive information on many aspects of peptide neurobiology, the links between the behavioral effects of neuropeptides and their actions at the cellular and molecular levels are not fully understood. A pair of insect neuropeptides, the cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta,...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tublitz N,Brink D,Broadie KS,Loi PK,Sylwester AW

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hormone melatonin was first identified about 30 years ago as a secretory product of the pineal gland. In mammals, the daily rhythm of pineal melatonin synthesis is controlled by neural inputs. The CNS is thought to be a primary target organ involved in mediating the influence of melatonin on a variety of physiolog...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Krause DN,Dubocovich ML

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular nature of the metabotropic GABA(B) receptor was for some time a mystery, however it was recently discovered that two related G-protein-coupled receptors have to heterodimerize to form the functional GABA(B) receptor at the cell surface. This review discusses the most recent findings in the rapidly expand...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Billinton A,Ige AO,Bolam JP,White JH,Marshall FH,Emson PC

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A genetic analysis of mammalian neuronal physiology might now be possible due to the development of defective herpes simplex virus vectors, which allow gene transfer directly into mature neurons, in culture or in the adult brain. Genetically altered proteins that play critical roles in neuronal physiology, including t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Geller AI,During MJ,Neve RL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major problems of living in a rich visual environment is deciding which particular object or location should be chosen for complete processing or attention; that is, deciding which object is most salient at any particular time. The pulvinar has enlarged substantially during evolution, although little has pr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Robinson DL,Petersen SE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hebbian synaptic learning requires co-activation of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. However, under some conditions, information regarding the postsynaptic action potential, carried by backpropagating action potentials, can be strongly degraded before it reaches the distal exhibit Hebbian long-term potentiation (...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mehta MR

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Currently available antibodies to the P2X(7) receptor are unreliable determinants of neuronal P2X(7) immunoreactivity, owing to staining of a "P2X(7)-like" protein that is not eliminated by legitimate P2X(7) gene-knockout approaches. Despite this, compelling electrophysiological and pharmacological data strongly suppo...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Anderson CM,Nedergaard M

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00