Abstract:
:Nuclear proteins are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus via nuclear envelope pore complexes (NPCs). At the molecular level, the mechanisms responsible for this transport remain obscure. However, it is known that, for many proteins, the process requires ATP and proceeds against formidable nucleocytoplasmic concentration gradients. Therefore, the NPC is often thought of as an active transport site. In this article, Philip Paine presents the alternative hypothesis that, on current evidence, protein translocation across the nuclear envelope and accumulation in the nucleus can equally well be explained by facilitated transport through the NPC and subsequent intranuclear binding.
journal_name
Trends Cell Bioljournal_title
Trends in cell biologyauthors
Paine PLdoi
10.1016/0962-8924(93)90096-jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-10-01 00:00:00pages
325-9issue
10eissn
0962-8924issn
1879-3088pii
096289249390096Jjournal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::There is a pronounced tendency among cell biologists to focus on qualitative aspects of cell physiology. The remarkable accomplishments of evolution in creating cells can only be fully appreciated, however, by combining this qualitative analysis with a quantitative assessment of cellular constituents and processes. He...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(01)02030-x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The directional migration of cells within multicellular organisms is governed by gradients of both chemical attractants and repellents in diverse processes, including leukocyte trafficking and neuronal pathfinding in vivo. These complex extracellular environments direct the orchestrated bidirectional trafficking of le...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2008.04.001
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a tracer for observing proteins in living cells has revolutionized cell biology and spurred an intensive search for GFP variants with novel characteristics, additional autofluorescent proteins and alternative techniques of protein labelling. Two recent studies - o...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(02)02343-7
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In animal species undergoing determinate growth, the making of a full-size adult body requires a series of coordinated growth events culminating in the cessation of growth that precedes sexual maturation. The merger between physiology and genetics now coming to pass in the Drosophila model allows us to decipher these ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.03.005
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic nucleus is surrounded by a protective nuclear envelope, which is perforated by trafficking machines termed nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The NPCs are the sole mediators of exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Small molecules pass through the NPCs unchallenged; however, large macromolecules a...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2003.10.007
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the presence of phosphoinositides in the nuclei of eukaryotes and the identity of the enzymes responsible for their metabolism have been known for some time, their functions in the nucleus are only now emerging. This is illustrated by the recent identification of effectors for nuclear phosphoinositides. Like the...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2009.09.009
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum contains a number of proteins involved in the processing of secretory polypeptides. These include BiP, which is an Hsp70-family member highly conserved throughout evolution. BiP is known to be intimately involved in several aspects of protein biogenesis, but our understanding of these events ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(97)01079-9
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During biosynthesis, MHC class II molecules travel through the endocytic pathway and interact with antigenic peptides before their stable insertion in the plasma membrane. The process of class II association with these peptides and their final deposition at the cell surface are essential steps in boosting specific ant...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(97)01000-3
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cell niches are specialized microenvironments where pluripotent cells are maintained to provide undifferentiated cells for the formation of new tissues and organs. The balance between stem cell maintenance within the niche and differentiation of cells that exit it is regulated by local cell-cell communication, to...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2007.06.002
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic junctions are highly specialized structures designed to promote the rapid and efficient transmission of signals from the presynaptic terminal to the postsynaptic membrane within the central nervous system. Proteins containing PDZ domains play a fundamental organizational role at both the pre- and postsynaptic...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(00)01783-9
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular and subcellular movements. Recent studies have implicated two motor proteins in particular, myosin II and cytoplasmic dynein, in diverse aspects of cell migration. This review focuses on emerging roles for these proteins in the nervous system, with particular emp...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2009.03.009
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular chaperone heat-shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90) stabilizes various proteins and occupies a central position in cellular networks. Hsp90 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials as anticancer drugs. Recent studies have illuminated the unappreciated significance of this chaperone in chromatin transact...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2012.11.007
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small vesicles shed from the surface of many cells upon stimulation, considered for a long time to be artefacts, are now recognized as specific structures that are distinct from the exosomes released upon exocytosis of multivesicular bodies. Recent reports indicate that shedding vesicles participate in important b...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2008.11.003
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells can sense and respond to blood flow forces and signals, but the exact mechanisms employed remain poorly understood. A recent study describes how low-flow forces are sensed by primary cilia during development of the retinal vasculature, which sensitizes endothelial cells to BMP signaling. ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.005
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E2F family of transcriptional regulators sits at the center of cell cycle gene expression and plays vital roles in normal and cancer cell cycles. Whereas control of E2Fs by the retinoblastoma family of proteins is well established, much less is known about their regulation by ubiquitin pathways. Recent studies pla...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2020.05.002
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic cells contain numerous cytosolic and nuclear iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins that perform key functions in metabolic catalysis, iron regulation, protein translation, DNA synthesis, and DNA repair. Synthesis of Fe/S clusters and their insertion into apoproteins are essential for viability and are conserved in eu...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.005
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophysiological studies have implicated voltage-gated proton channels in several specific cellular contexts. In neutrophils, they mediate charge compensation that is associated with the oxidative burst of phagocytosis. Molecular characterization of the hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 (HVCN1) has enabled identifi...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2010.09.006
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The architecture of the interphase nucleus remains a treasure trove for explorers of the 3D folding of macromolecules, like DNA, and of their related functions. Only recently has there been insight into how transient interactions of the genome and its associated proteins, in space and time, facilitate transcription, r...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.04.011
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why are women so under-represented at the top echelons of science? Why do so many drop out just as their careers should be blossoming? Are women in science being actively discriminated against by their peers, and, if, so what can be done about this? These were just a few of the puzzles reflected upon at a recent Europ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(01)02182-1
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The manner by which the organization and behaviors of cells arise from the activities of their constituent molecules remains poorly understood. Approaches from the physical sciences for studying collective properties may help with this difficult problem, but they must be adapted to account for the specific attributes ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2015.08.011
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The translocon is responsible for the translocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum into its lumen, whereas the exocyst acts at the other end of the secretory pathway, tethering secretory vesicles to the sites of exocytosis. Here, we discuss three independent lines of evidence that indicat...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2003.12.008
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transfer of proteins and lipids between the various membrane-bound subcellular compartments of the eukaryotic cell is mediated by transport vesicles. The development of cell-free assays has allowed rapid progress towards a molecular description of the formation, or budding, of these vesicles. This article reviews and ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0962-8924(91)90018-5
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling through the highly conserved Wingless/Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in a diverse array of developmental processes, many of which depend upon the precise regulation of Wingless/Wnt signaling levels. Recent evidence has indicated that the intracellular trafficking of Wingless/Wnt signaling components can re...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2003.11.004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major quest in cell biology is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the high plasticity of the microtubule network at different stages of the cell cycle, and during and after differentiation. Initial reports described the centrosomal localization of proteins possessing transforming acidic coiled-coil (T...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2008.06.005
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The roles of post-translational histone modifications in regulating transcription and DNA damage have been widely studied and discussed. Although mitotic histone marks, particularly phosphorylation, were discovered four decades ago, their roles in mitosis have been outlined only in the past few years. Here we aim to p...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2012.11.005
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The power of fluorescence microscopy to study cellular structures and macromolecular complexes spans a wide range of size scales, from studies of cell behavior and function in physiological 3D environments to understanding the molecular architecture of organelles. At each length scale, the challenge in 3D imaging is t...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2011.09.008
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi uses an unusual mechanism to enter cells. Recent observations revealed that instead of trypanosomes being brought in to fuse with lysosomes, it is the lysosomes that migrate to the trypanosomes and actually participate in their internalization. Signalling events involving intra...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(00)88965-5
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell polarization requires the segregation of the plasma membrane into domains of distinct protein composition. The Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) protein of Drosophila, initially identified as a tumor suppressor, establishes such domains by localizing specific proteins to specific regions of the plasma membrane. However, ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.03.006
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that regulate the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, host defense during pathogen infection, and tissue repair in response to tissue injury. Recent studies indicate that macrophage functions are influenced by cellular metabolism, including lipid metabolism. Here, we re...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.006
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA-binding proteins are involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism such as processing, translational control, stabilization, localization and transport. Many of these proteins bind several RNA targets and have multiple functions. In this review we focus on RNA-binding proteins that are implicated in RNA transport ...
journal_title:Trends in cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(02)02357-7
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00