The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus depends on stimulus intensity.

abstract：:In Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats of three different ages (7, 13 and 32 weeks old) concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe were measured in 8 regions of the brain. The LEC groups aged 7 and 13 weeks showed low concentrations of Cu in all regions compared to Long-Evans Agouti (LEA) rats. In 32-week-old LEC rats, however, Cu co...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Sugawara N,Ikeda T,Sugawara C,Kohgo Y,Kato J,Takeichi N

更新日期：1992-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Application of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, produced theta-like rhythmical waveforms, recorded in the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus in the cat hippocampal formation slices. This effect of carbachol was antagonized by atropine but not D-tubocurarine. These results provide first direct evidence that the...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Konopacki J,Gołebiewski H,Eckersdorf B

更新日期：1992-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Detailed quantitative information on catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the human thalamus is much needed because of increasing interest in norepinephrine and serotonin as modulators of thalamic behavioral state control and overall information processing. This study provides three-dimensional distri...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Oke AF,Carver LA,Gouvion CM,Adams RN

更新日期：1997-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the behavioral consequences of dopamine system activation are thought to be mediated by substantia nigra pars reticulata output pathways. Extracellular, single unit recording studies were conducted to determine how i.v. administration of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, affects the activity of these pars ret...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Waszczak BL,Lee EK,Ferraro T,Hare TA,Walters JR

更新日期：1984-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Extended incubation of hippocampus slices in the presence of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (FAF-BSA) strongly enhanced the release of D-[3H]aspartate and [14C]GABA induced by veratridine. Saturation of the FAF-BSA with oleic acid abolished the enhancing effect. Spontaneous release and K+-induced release were no...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Minc-Golomb D,Eimerl S,Levy Y,Schramm M

更新日期：1988-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Common marmosets were given a subcutaneous injection of MPTP (1.25-2.5 mg/kg twice a week) for 5 or 10 consecutive months and were sacrificed after a survival time of 6 months or 15 days, respectively. The parkinsonian symptoms were not very marked at the time of sacrifice but there was a strong decrease of dopamine a...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Pérez-Otaño I,Herrero MT,Oset C,De Ceballos ML,Luquin MR,Obeso JA,Del Río J

更新日期：1991-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:To provide evidence to support the calcium hypothesis of cerebral ischemia, we examined the effects of extracellular calcium and calcium antagonists (verapamil, flunarizine, nicardipine) on in vitro 'ischemia' using guinea pig hippocampal slices. As a model of in vivo ischemia we used a state of both glucose and oxyge...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Amagasa M,Ogawa A,Yoshimoto T

更新日期：1990-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevations in the plasma levels of glucocorticoids are associated with cognitive impairments that have been ascribed to loss of neurons in the hippocampal formation. However, recent studies have strongly challenged this view. In order to clarify this issue, we have employed for the first time the optical fractionator ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Sousa N,Madeira MD,Paula-Barbosa MM

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence indicates that volatile general anesthetics exert their effects by affecting various types of membrane conductance expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), such as ligand-gated receptor-channels. The most recently identified family of the receptor-channels in the CNS are the extracellular ATP...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Masaki E,Kawamura M,Kato F

更新日期：2001-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-day-old rats were pretreated with 50 mg/kg of capsaicin. After 3--4 months, specific binding of [3H]muscimol and [3H]strychnine was measured in membrane preparations from dorsal spinal cord. A 20-30% decrease of the number of [3H]muscimol binding sites was observed after capsaicin treatment. In contrast, [3H]stryc...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Singer E,Placheta P

更新日期：1980-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Beta-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). Anti-inflammatory treatment may provide therapeutic benefits. In this study, the effect of hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA) on Aβ1-42-induced inflammation in AD mice was investigated and the unde...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Zhang ZH,Yu LJ,Hui XC,Wu ZZ,Yin KL,Yang H,Xu Y

更新日期：2014-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction of gene expression has been correlated with long-lasting neuronal plasticity and long-term memory (LTM) formation. The fast activation of constitutive transcription factors by signaling mechanisms is thought to be the link between synaptic events and gene expression. However, only one constitutive transc...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Freudenthal R,Romano A

更新日期：2000-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The CNP neuropeptides (Command Neuron Peptides) were first found in the command neurons for withdrawal behavior in the terrestrial snail. Given the fact that certain peptides can be found in various invertebrates, we examined Drosophila brains to determine if CNP-like peptides were present. Two types of antisera were ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ierusalimsky VN,Balaban PM

更新日期：2007-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The short and long-term effects of systemic administration of kainic acid to immature animals were studied in rats. Kainic acid was administered systemically to rats of 1-30 days of age. The rats were monitored for both behavioral and EEG changes. To study the effects of kainic acid on seizure susceptibility, status e...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Holmes GL,Thompson JL

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously reported that brain angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptors contribute to the hyperthermia induced by intrahypothalamic (intrapreoptic (i.p.o.)) administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rats. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors in the cardiovas...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Watanabe T,Sakata Y,Wada M

更新日期：2000-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats trained to walk in a moving belt apparatus were subjected to a partial (fornix-fimbria (FF] or total (fornix-fimbria + cingulum bundles (FF + CB] chemical denervation of the dorsal serotonergic afferent pathways to the hippocampus. After chronic alcohol treatment that resulted in tolerance development to the moto...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Speisky MB,Kalant H

更新日期：1985-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Applying light mechanical stimulations to the oral structures, multi-unit recordings (MUR) were performed, and receptive fields of neurons were defined in the somatosensory cortex S I of the cat. Oral representation was confirmed in the circumscribed area of the anterior coronal gyrus rostral to the facial area in the...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Taira K

更新日期：1987-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The current study assessed the influence of excitotoxic lesions of the insular cortex (IC) on taste-potentiated odor aversion (TPOA) learning. Water-deprived rats initially received a single odor-toxicosis or odor/taste-toxicosis pairing and were subsequently tested, in separate trials, with the odor and the taste sti...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Lin JY,Roman C,Reilly S

更新日期：2009-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Alterations occurring in the antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following nigral dopaminergic denervation are unclear. We now report on the distribution and levels of m-RNA for Cu,Zn-SOD and GPX in basal ganglia of normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kunikowska G,Jenner P

更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the movement of 5-aminolevulinic acid (delta-aminolevulinic acid; ALA) between blood and brain. This is despite the fact that increases in brain ALA may be involved in generating the neuropsychiatric symptoms in porphyrias and that systemic administration of ALA is currently being used to delinea...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ennis SR,Novotny A,Xiang J,Shakui P,Masada T,Stummer W,Smith DE,Keep RF

更新日期：2003-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Febrile seizure (FS) remains the most common childhood neurological emergency. Although many studies have been done, controversy exists as to whether these seizures are associated with a significant risk for cognitive impairment. The aim of our study is to check whether there is a spatial learning and memory deficit i...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Xiong Y,Zhou H,Zhang L

更新日期：2014-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of GABA in NMDA-dependent long term depression (LTD) in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) was studied on rat brainstem slices. High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the primary vestibular afferents induces a long lasting reduction of the polysynaptic (N2) component of the field potentials recorded in the dorsa...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Grassi S,Della Torre G,Capocchi G,Zampolini M,Pettorossi VE

更新日期：1995-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Light stimulates dopamine (DA) release in the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the threshold and dose-response relationship between ocular light exposure and retinal DA synthesis in vivo. Groups of dark-adapted rats were exposed to 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 1000 microwatts per square centimeter ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Brainard GC,Morgan WW

更新日期：1987-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work has suggested that the rewarding effect of hippocampal stimulation develops only as a consequence of neuroplastic change resulting from repeated stimulation experience: naive rats will not initiate self-stimulation for several days, but a prior program of hippocampal kindling greatly facilitates acquisit...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Campbell KA

更新日期：1990-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Variations in cerebral blood flow and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide (pO2, pCO2) were studied in rabbits during short-duration (1 min) immobilization stress. The techniques used enabled us to determine these variables locally in the caudate nucleus in a continuous, simultaneous and quantitative fashion...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Pinard E,Lacombe P,Reynier-Rebuffel AM,Seylaz J

更新日期：1985-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In vivo microdialysis techniques were used to examine the effects of estrogen on potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and overlying cortex of adult, ovariectomized rats. Estrogen treatment resulted in a significant increase in the percent change in acetylcholine release induced by potassium re...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Gibbs RB,Hashash A,Johnson DA

更新日期：1997-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The striatum has nearly equal numbers of striatonigral and striatopallidal projection neurons. All are GABAergic and inhibitory, but they lie in separate neuronal circuits ('direct' and 'indirect', respectively) that appear to exert opposite effects on movement. Methods are needed to evaluate the function of each circ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Santiago MP,Potter LT

更新日期：2001-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Diphtheria toxin (DTX) kills cells by inactivating ribosomal translocation and when used to retrogradely intoxicate cat intercostal motoneurones produces marked morphological alterations in Nissl bodies, including those specifically sited postsynaptic to C-type axon terminals. Here, qualitative examinations of 'intoxi...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Pullen AH

更新日期：1990-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Central catecholaminergic nerves have been shown to participate in the integration of cardio-cardiac reflexes induced by coronary artery ligation in the rat. In this study we measured the turnover of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in microdissected brain regions to identify some of the specific neural loci i...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Sole MJ,Hussain MN,Versteeg DH,de Kloet ER,Adams D,Lixfeld W

更新日期：1982-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We used in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to investigate the presence of GABA in neurons that express the type 3 serotonin receptor (5-HT3R). Quantitative analysis indicated that more than 90% of 5-HT3R expressing cells are GABAergic in the neocortex and hippocampus. The co-existence of 5-HT3R and GABA in ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Morales M,Battenberg E,de Lecea L,Bloom FE

更新日期：1996-08-26 00:00:00