Abstract:
:Although the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive, it appears that there is chronic activation of the immune and inflammatory cascade in genetically susceptible individuals. Current disease management guidelines have therefore focused on the use of anti-inflammatory agents, aminosalicylates and corticosteroids. These conventional therapies continue to be a first choice in the management of IBD. Immunomodulators, such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate or cyclosporin, are demonstrating increasing importance against steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent patients. However, some patients are still refractory to these therapies. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological conditions of IBD have provided new immune system modulators as therapeutic tools. Other immunosuppressive agents including FK506 and thalidomide have expanded the choice of medical therapies available for certain subgroups of patients. Furthermore, biological therapies have begun to assume a prominent role. Studies with chimeric monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibody treatment have been reported with dramatic successes. However, observations in larger numbers of treated patients are needed to explicate fully the safety of or risks posed by this agent such as developing lymphoma, or other malignancies. Another anti-inflammatory cytokine-therapy includes anti anti-IL-6R, anti-IL-12 or toxin-conjugated anti IL-7R, recombinant cytokines (IL-10 or IL-11). Given the diversity of proinflammatory products under its control, NF-kappaB may be viewed as a master switch in lymphocytes and macrophages, regulating inflammation and immunity. Although some of them still need more confirmatory studies, those immune therapies will provide new insights into cell-based and gene-based treatment against IBD in near future.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Ogata H,Hibi Tdoi
10.2174/1381612033455035subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
1107-13issue
14eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::There is an increasing need to rapidly determine the specificity of proteases that potentially play a role in human and animal disease. Substrates for novel proteases can be discovered by testing standard protease substrates such as oxidized insulin B-chain, by screening commercially available substrates for other pro...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612023392630
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both high arterial blood pressure (BP) and elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution have been associated with an increased risk for several cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Given that PM2.5 and high BP are each independently leading risk ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666151109111712
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to productively infect a host, viruses must enter the cell and force host cell replication mechanisms to produce new infectious virus particles. The success of this process unfortunately results in disease progression and, in the case of infection with many viral species, may cause mortality. The discoveries ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612811319060013
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19 virus) is a worldwide pandemic pathogen infecting 210 territories. It belongs to the family coronaviriadae and the order Nidovirales. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus that includes spike proteins projecti...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666201222162509
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, is spontaneouly formed within most mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Initial work addressing the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite afforded the generally accepted notion that this compound would be the long-term neurotoxic nit...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043452910
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A mobile health application is an exciting, fast-paced domain that is likely to improve prenatal care. METHODS:In this narrative review, we summarise the use of mobile health applications in this setting with a special emphasis on both the benefits of remote monitoring devices and the potential pitfalls of ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190320140659
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV positive patients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is common in HIV infected patients and is now a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043384286
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated levels of Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are directly associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Statins have been used to control serum LDLC and this has translated into reduction in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, despite hi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180111105201
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary surfactant, a complex of lipids and proteins, functions to keep alveoli from collapsing at expiration. Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) belong to the collectin family and play pivotal roles in the innate immunity of the lung. Pulmonary collectins directly bind with broad specificities to a variety o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206775474387
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdialysis is a technique for sampling the chemistry of the interstitial fluid of tissues and organs in animal and man. It is minimally invasive and simple to perform in a clinical setting. Although microdialysis samples essentially all small molecular substances present in the interstitial fluid the use of microdi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043384105
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinone based bioreductive drugs have, potentially, a very versatile use in cancer chemotherapy. They can be activated by DT-diaphorase and hence can be used to target tumour types rich in this (O2)-independent reductase enzyme. Small molecular modifications can substantially reduce specificity for DT-diaphorase and u...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612023394548
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the development of pouchitis in ulcerative colitis patients after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, is widely accepted and supported by a widespread use of some antibiotics (metronidazole and/or ciprofloxacin, rifaximin) to treat th...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/13816128113196660724
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled glucocorticoids, also know as corticosteroids (ICS), revolutionized the treatment of asthma by suppressing airways inflammation and ICS therapy now forms the basis of treatment of asthma of all severities. More recently and usually in combination with a long-acting β-agonist (LABA), ICS use has been establishe...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138161210793797889
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulphur mustard (SM; (2, 2'-dichloroethylsulfide)) was used for the first time in 1917, during the World War I. SM mainly induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This compound injures the respiratory system, eyes, skin and the endocrine, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems. However, due to the ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180903112218
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heat shock proteins are powerful endogenous cytoprotective proteins which help cells to survive recurrent cellular stress events. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms and molecular targets is especially interesting since it may help to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseas...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160519113339
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterised by positive and negative symptoms, cognitive impairments, attentional problems, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The use of atypical antipsychotics has generally improved clinical outcome yet medical need remains in the treatment of this disease. The potent...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210790361470
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, is a newly emerging zoonotic agent that emerged in China in December 2019. No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. Usual palliative treatment includes ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200707121636
更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Dioxygen (O2) is an exogenously supplied gas with a number of properties that make it valuable as a biological source of energy and as a result much of life has become dependent on this molecule. Nitric oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are small molecules that are sometimes in a gaseous state...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207782110525
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last two decades quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis has been widely used to investigate the neurophysiological characteristics of insomnia. These studies provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that primary insomnia is associated with hyperarousal of central nervous system and altered sleep...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208786549326
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review discusses the mechanism of late stent thrombosis and its distinction from restenosis and summarizes the advisory note issued by FDA on the proper usage of different treatments available for atherosclerosis. In light of the latest developments, a plethora of new stents have been and continue to be de...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208785294573
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent meta-analysis showed that the mean age of onset of psychosis among cannabis users was almost three years earlier than that of non-cannabis users. However, because cannabis users usually smoke tobacco, the use of tobacco might independently contribute to the earlier onset of psychosis. We aimed to use meta-ana...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2174/138161212802884816
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent female reproductive endocrine disease. It has been associated with a number of severe reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. However, there are still open questions especially regarding the best long-term management. METHODS:We summarized the literature focu...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190130104922
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone deacetylases (HDACs), which act on acetylated histones and/or other non-histone protein substrates, represent validated epigenetic targets for the treatment of cancer and other human diseases. The inhibition of HDAC activity was shown to induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation, apoptosis as well as a decreas...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612820666141110164604
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will focus on the construction, refinement, and validation of G Protein-coupled receptor models for the purpose of structure-based virtual screening. Practical tips and tricks derived from concrete modeling and virtual screening exercises to overcome the problems and pitfalls associated with the different ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209789824786
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. OBJECTIVE:The ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200310145935
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current antiretroviral therapy has had a significant impact on HIV associated morbidity and mortality. Despite these positive outcomes current antiretroviral regimens have significant deficiencies which include multiple drug-drug interactions, high pill burdens, and considerable financial expense. Perhaps the greatest...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206776055868
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer is hallmarked by aggressive biology and extreme lethality and very high mortality rates. The underlying molecular mechanism of its rapid development and progression is unclear, however. Recent identification and functional validation of nitric oxide (NO) production in pancreatic cancer suggest a role...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210790232194
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We set up two models of gastric bleeding in rats using low-dose aspirin (ASA) and the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel, a P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonist, and examined the effect of antiulcer drugs on gastric bleeding and ulcerogenic responses under such conditions. Under urethane anesthesia, two catheters were inserted into t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990418
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skin is often introduced as the largest organ of the human body which - being uniquely exposed to external stress - faces several types of challenges, from physical, chemical, biological, and immunological origin. Therefore, the skin is also a site where inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular damage occurs re...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180717155953
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone receptor that is activated by endogenous androgens, mainly testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT). AR is also an important drug target, and AR antagonists (antiandrogens) have been widely used for prostate cancer therapy. Antiandrogens currently available o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210790963850
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00