Abstract:
:The introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV positive patients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is common in HIV infected patients and is now a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Optimal management and treatment of HCV in HIV infected patients is therefore essential. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin is the mainstay of treatment for HCV infection in HIV infected people. The sustained virological response rate (SVR) with combination therapy is lower than that commonly observed in HCV mono-infected patients. This is, at least in part, due to the very high treatment drop out rates. Ribavirin in combination with HAART is associated with particular side effects such as mitochondrial toxicity. Therefore, vigilant monitoring of patients during therapy, in specialist centers is essential. Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin is particularly promising as it is easier to administer and will probably become the treatment of choice for co-infected patients. A SVR is associated with genotype 2 and 3, in addition to a high CD4+ cell count and a low HCV load prior to therapy. The progression of HCV related liver disease in HIV positive patients is faster than in subjects with HCV infection alone. As a result, there is an increasing incidence of cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease in co-infected patients. Liver transplantation is being evaluated in many centers. To date the experiences are very limited but encouraging in term of survival rate.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Fabris P,Barnes E,Tositti G,Giordani MT,Grasso A,De Lalla Fdoi
10.2174/1381612043384286subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
2111-22issue
17eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Since the 1950's, herpes simplex viruses (HSV) have played prominent roles in the development of antivirals. The first efficacious antivirals, as well as the first safe for systemic use, were developed against HSV. It was only in 1995 when the first antiviral against a target not validated first with HSV was approved ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206776361174
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was first discovered as a caspase-independent apoptosis effector that promoted cell death upon release from the mitochondria (triggered by pro-apoptotic stimuli) and relocalization into the nucleus, where it promotes chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. AIF is a mammalian m...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319140012
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions of the supporting apparatus of the teeth which lead to early tooth loss. This review discusses the evidence for a role of reactive oxygen species in inducing periodontal tissue damage and focuses on recent evidence showing increased local and systemic alterations...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319150003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a family of lipids including some subgroups identified by the position of the last double bond in their structure. PUFA n-3 include alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while PUFA n-6 include linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic a...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138161209789909773
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In various metabolic diseases, both the coronary circulation and cardiac metabolism are altered. Here we summarize the effects of a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) - which can develop due to genetic and/or environmental causes - on the function of coronary microvessels and heart. This metabolic disease is...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180625125450
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the frequency of detection of different human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology in a population-based primary screening programme. 247 liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with A...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis is a regulated process leading to cell death, which is implicated both in normal development and in various pathologies including heart failure, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Caspase-3, a key enzyme of the apoptotic pathway, is considered as a major target for the treatment of abnormal cell death. M...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161211795049679
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is a cAMP-regulated Cl- channel whose major function is to facilitate epithelial fluid secretion. Loss-of-function mutations in CFTR cause the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. CFTR is required for transepithelial fluid transport in certain secretor...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990321
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last two decades, the studies on ubiquitination in regulating transcription factor NF-κB activation have elucidated the expanding role of ubiquitination in modulating cellular events by non-proteolytic mechanisms, as well as by proteasomal degradation. The significance of ubiquitination has also been recogn...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319180010
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The last few decades have witnessed enormous advancements in the field of Pharmaceutical drug, design and delivery. One of the recent developments is the advent of 3DP technology. It has earlier been successfully employed in fields like aerospace, architecture, tissue engineering, biomedical research, medica...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666181130163027
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytokine tumor necrosis factor(alpha) (TNF(alpha)) is associated with a constellation of physiological and behavioral characteristics that follow in response to infection such as fever, fatigue, listlessness, loss of appetite, malaise, and tactile hypersensitivity. These responses are examples of central nervous s...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612053507828
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding of the roles of RNAs within the cell has changed and expanded dramatically during the past few years. Based on fundamentally new insights it is now increasingly possible to employ RNAs as highly valuable tools in molecular biology and medicine. At present, the most important therapeutic strategies are ba...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210791792813
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple molecular, cellular, structural and functional changes occur in the brain during aging. Neural cells may respond to these changes adaptively by employing multiple mechanisms in order to maintain the integrity of nerve cell circuits and to facilitate responses to environmental demands. Otherwise, they may succ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210790883741
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tocotrienols, components belonging to vitamin E members, are used as potent therapeutics in the treatment of several diseases. Recent studies suggested tocotrienol to have better activity in many situations compared to tocopherols. Tocotrienols have been shown to lower the atherogenic apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161211796957436
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is still the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries and although a significant progress has been made in the understanding of its pathophysiology, the determinants of atherosclerotic plaque instability are still poorly understood. The endothelium plays a pivotal role for the de...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207780831239
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Buccal delivery is an alluring course of organization for fundamental medication conveyance and it leads direct access to the systemic flow through the interior jugular vein sidesteps drugs from the hepatic first-pass digestion gives high bioavailability. OBJECTIVE:This article aims at buccal medication con...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200614182013
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Current pharmaceutical treatment for depression remains unsatisfactory due to its limited therapeutic efficacy and undesirable side effects. There is increasing interest in looking for alternative strategies from diet for the treatment of depressive d...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180803113106
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of conditions and associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Edible mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries and are valuable components of the diet because of their attractive taste, aroma, and nutritional value. Med...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200831151316
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral ischemia is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. In cerebral ischemic stroke, occlusion of a major cerebral artery by an embolus or local thrombosis can result in transient or permanent reduction of cerebral blood flow to a portion of the brain, resulting in deprivation of glucose and oxygen. Sinc...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990465
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrate derivatives have a 40-year history in the management of dyslipidemia. Although this class of drugs is generally well tolerated, several safety issues have arisen from their use. In the present article we review the literature describing side effects associated with the use of fibrates except for those that are...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208783885362
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone lysine methylation can be modified by various writers and erasers. Different from other epigenetic modifications, mono-, di, and tri- methylation distinctly modulate chromatin structure and thereby contribute to the regulation of DNA-based nuclear processes such as transcription, replication and repair on thei...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160715125417
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer and tumor have been major reasons for numerous deaths in this century across the world. Many strategies have been designed to treat, diagnose, or prevent cancer. The success of chemotherapy largely depends on drug targeting. The advent of nanotechnology has vastly improved drug delivery for targeting and diagno...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200720235752
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Utilization of macroalgae has gained much attention in the field of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food and bioenergy. Macroalgae has been widely consumed in Asian countries as food from ancient days and proved that it has potential bioactive compounds which are responsible for its nutritional properties. ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190425161630
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ever-growing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and crop disease due to pest has triggered severe health concerns in recent years. Consequently, there is a need of powerful and protective materials for the eradication of diseases. Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs) are powerful agents due to their ther...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666191111091326
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes which catalyze CO(2) hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Five genetically distinct classes are known, which represent an excellent example of convergent evolution. Inhibition of α-CAs from vertebrates, including humans, with sulfonamides was exploited clinical...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210793429797
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently management of food allergy is mainly based on absolute avoidance of the offending food(s) and the use of rescue medication. However, the risk of severe or life-threatening reactions due to inadvertent exposure, nutritional imbalance and social isolation raises the demand of disease-modifying treatments. The ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990045
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plants have been used to treat health disorders and prevent diseases since antiquity in all civilizations including the Indian and Chinse civilizations. Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants in Indian folk medicine and is commonly known as the "Heart-leaved Moonseed" o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200625111530
更新日期:2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Lysine acetylation plays an essential role in metabolism. Five individual studies have identified that a large number of cellular proteins are potentially acetylated. Notably, almost every enzyme involved in central metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, fat acid metabolism, urea cycle and glycogen meta...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990487
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An integrative synthesis of concepts and an explosion of experimental and epidemiological findings allow new insights as to how the interactions of genetic, environmental, dietary, cultural (social, psychological, economic) factors can influence the aging and diseases of aging processes. Although the net effect of the...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208786264106
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improvements in the radiotherapeutic management of solid tumors through the concurrent use of gene therapy is a realistic possibility. Of the broad array of candidate genes that have been evaluated, those encoding prodrug-activating enzymes are particularly appealing since they directly complement ongoing clinical che...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033454117
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00