Abstract:
:Inhaled glucocorticoids, also know as corticosteroids (ICS), revolutionized the treatment of asthma by suppressing airways inflammation and ICS therapy now forms the basis of treatment of asthma of all severities. More recently and usually in combination with a long-acting β-agonist (LABA), ICS use has been established in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In asthma, ICS improves asthma control, lung function and prevents exacerbations, including hospital admissions and probably decreases mortality. Similar effects are seen in COPD but to a much lesser degree, however, an improvement in symptoms such as breathlessness and reduction in exacerbations occur particularly in more advanced disease with ICS. Chronic inflammation is a feature of both asthma and COPD, although there are differences in the site and characteristics of the inflammatory response. ICS have proven to be less effective in patients with severe asthma, smoking asthmatics and in patients with COPD. ICS act by binding to and activating specific cytosolic receptors (GR), which then translocate to the nucleus where they regulate gene expression by either binding to DNA and inducing anti-inflammatory genes or by repressing the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators. GR is able to selective repress specific inflammatory genes by differing actions on specific intracellular signalling pathways and transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and on kinases pathways. Abnormal activation of these pathways may result in glucocorticoid resistance. Although, ICS/LABA combinations will remain the main focus of treatment of airways diseases in the near future; other combinations that improve the efficacy of ICS by reducing the abnormal activation of pathways that cause glucocorticoid resistance will be developed.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Adcock IM,Marwick J,Casolari P,Contoli M,Chung KF,Kirkham P,Papi A,Caramori Gdoi
10.2174/138161210793797889subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
3554-73issue
32eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286pii
BSP/CPD/E-Pub/000247journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Approximately half of patients with schizophrenia have a lifetime diagnosis of substance abuse disorders. These dual diagnosis patients are more likely to have poorer outcomes, including more severe psychiatric symptoms with increased hospitalizations, higher utilization of services and frequent homelessness. Assessme...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043384114
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abstract::By updating John Littleton's work published 15 years ago this review summarizes recent work on pharmacodynamic aspects of acamprosate and the perspective for future developments. In addition to insights into the role of glutamatergic receptor systems, craving and relapse inspired by acamprosate, clinical research poin...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease prognosis and therapy.Discovery of (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] revealed that (P)RR upon binding to both renin or prorenin in their proenzyme inactive form made them enzymatically active, thus aiding the...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drugs acting on the cardiovascular and central nervous system often display relatively fast clinical responses, which may differ in neonates compared to children and adults. Introduction of bedside monitoring tools might be of additional value in the pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment of such drugs in neonates....
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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doi:10.2174/1381612823666170918124419
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abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Bio-soft material, a class of derivatives of the natural or synthetic material, is getting more and more prevalent in biomedical researches and applications due to the advantages such as in-vivo biodegradation, good water solubility and designable targeting ability. With the presence of bio-sof...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2020-06-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2020-10-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The targeting of drugs to skeletal muscle is an emerging area of research. Driven by the need for new therapies to treat a range of muscle-associated diseases, these strategies aim to provide improved drug exposure at the site of action in skeletal muscle with reduced concentration in other tissues where unwanted side...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00