Abstract:
:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19 virus) is a worldwide pandemic pathogen infecting 210 territories. It belongs to the family coronaviriadae and the order Nidovirales. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus that includes spike proteins projecting from the envelope. The spike (S) protein interacts with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which plays a role in the viral entry into the cell. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is zoonotic, the wet animal market where live animals are sold is expected to be the source of infection. It is the third zoonotic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Transmission of the virus among humans is confirmed by direct contact, droplet infection, fecal-oral, and blood transmission. The symptoms of COVID 19 include fever, dry cough, headache, and difficulty of breathing. COVID 19 complications, including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute organ injury, secondary infection, and shock, are common in immunocompromised and elderly patients. Up till now, there is no established treatment for COVID-19, and supportive measures including mechanical ventilation and the use of nonspecific anti-viral therapies such as Remdesevir, Liponavir, and chloroquine are currently applied on the severe cases. Also, until now, there is no approved vaccine for COVID-19. In the review, we gave an update on the SARS-COV2 virus, focusing on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, treatment options, and preventive measures associated with COVI-19 cases.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Ahmed H,Sayed A,Munir M,Elberry MH,Sayed IM,Kamal MA,Negida A,Ebada MA,Bahbah EIdoi
10.2174/1381612826666201222162509subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-22 00:00:00eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286pii
CPD-EPUB-112624pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of intestinal disorders characterised by chronic relapsing inflammation of the small intestine and colon. IBD manifests as either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease and increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. METHODS:Here, we have reviewed current t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170201162414
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in opioid drugs like morphine, as the oldest and most potent pain-killing agents known, has been maintained through the years. One of the most frequent chronic pain sensations people experience is associated with pathological conditions of the musculoskeletal system. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a major he...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990363
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abstract::Medicinal inorganic chemistry plays an important role in exploring the properties of metal ions for the designing of new drugs. The field has been stimulated by the success of cis-platin, the world best selling anticancer drug and platinum complexes with reduced toxicity, oral activity and activity against resistant t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160906143249
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abstract::Over the last two decades, SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and especially PET (positron emission tomography) have proven increasingly effective imaging modalities in the study of human psychopharmacology. Abusing populations can be studied at multiple times after abstinence begins, to give informati...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161205774424717
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abstract::Statins effectively reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. However, even after low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment there is a residual CVD risk. To reduce this risk, combining statins with drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was investigated. The GREek Atorvastatin ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612820666140620115756
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in particle engineering techniques, such as spray drying, freeze drying and supercritical fluid precipitation, have greatly enhanced the ability to control the structure, morphology, and solid state phase of inhalable sized particles (1 - 5 µm) for formulation in pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). To o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150820110153
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiolabelled peptides and monoclonal antibodies are an emerging class of radiopharmaceuticals for imaging inflammation with clinical implications for several chronic inflammatory disorders for diagnosis, therapy decision making and follow up. In the last decades, a number of novel monoclonal antibodies and peptides h...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208785777414
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the cause of Crohn's disease remains unknown considerable progress has been made in recent years to unravel the pathogenesis of the inflammatory processes seen in chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Th-1 lymphocytes seem to orchestrate the inflammation through the production of pro-inflammat...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033391982
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Runx2/Cbfa/AML3 is a member of the runt homology domain family of transcription factors, essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which Runx2 can function as a master regulatory gene for activating the program of osteoblastogenesis has provided novel insights fo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033453659
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the most severe manifestation of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is considered the leading non-hereditary cause of mental retardation and neurological deficit in the Western world. There lie a huge associated human cost to both FASD victims and their families and a considerable fin...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612820666140205144114
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Rational perioperative anesthetic drug selection and administration require knowledge of how obesity interacts with those drugs. In this review, we summarize different aspects of the anesthetic agents, including pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190628161206
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced photosensitivity of the skin is drawing increasing attention. In past few decades, photosensitivity has been reported with an array of drugs, and is now recognized as a noteworthy medical problem by clinicians, regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry. The photosensitivity is of two types i.e., ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666151209151408
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular Mechanics (MM) force fields are the methods of choice for protein simulations, which are essential in the study of conformational flexibility. Given the importance of protein flexibility in drug binding, MM is involved in most if not all Computational Structure-Based Drug Discovery (CSBDD) projects. This pap...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990600
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160414142530
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria fulfill a number of essential cellular functions, being recognized that the strict regulation of the structure, function and turnover of these organelles is an immutable control node for the maintenance of neuronal integrity and homeostasis. Many lines of evidence posit that mitochondria constitute a conv...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161211798072490
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioids constitute the basis for pharmacological treatment of moderate to severe pain in cancer pain and non-cancer pain patients. Their action is mediated by the activation of opioid receptors, which integrates the pain modulation system with other effects in the central nervous system including cognition resulting i...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212803582522
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the stomach, pre-absorptive perception of food constituents is of particular importance in maintaining secretion and motility that matches the quantity and quality of nutrients. Products of food protein hydrolysis, free amino acids and short peptides, are the most potent chemical stimulants of the gastric phase of ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990581
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Discovery and development of BCS class 1 drugs through high throughput screening is one of the biggest challenge faced by formulation scientist. METHODS:There are a number of approaches that have been exploited to enhance the solubility and permeability of drugs. Among them, development of nanosuspension ha...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180522100251
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carvedilol is a nonselective β-blocker with α1-adrenergic blocking and antioxidant properties. A number of preclinical experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that carvedilol provides prominent benefit in heart failure. However, less research has been done in the area of animal models of viral myocarditis. T...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212799958530
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large conduit arteries of the thorax and abdomen are elastic while those in the arms and legs are muscular. Alterations in wall properties of elastic arteries occur over time and are usually permanent in nature; acute changes can, however, occur is response to a change in transmural pressure. Chronic alterations i...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209787354258
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a valuable intracardiac device--based treatment option for a subgroup of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and QRS prolongation. However, still a significant proportion of patients do not benefit from CRT implantation, labeled as non-responders. OBJECTIVES:...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190621155718
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of the delicate role of endogenous nitric oxide in the homeostasis of various cellular functions and the dynamic behaviour of the airways, has led to a new, rapidly progressing area of physiological science, that has direct bearing for our understanding of multiple airway diseases. The potentially protec...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206778194141
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancers which damage the human skeleton include multiple myeloma, where the primary tumour colonises bone directly, or breast and prostate cancer, where malignant cells travel from the primary tumour to form clonal outgrowths within the bone. Owing to the interaction of tumour cells with those normally found in the bo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210791034021
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Backgound: Current drug therapy for the management of arterial hypertension and heart failure has provided substantial benefits but has also some limitations. LCZ696, a dual inhibitor of angiotensin receptor blockers and neprilysin, and finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, are two recentl...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170206154706
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, is spontaneouly formed within most mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Initial work addressing the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite afforded the generally accepted notion that this compound would be the long-term neurotoxic nit...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043452910
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory and infectious diseases include many different clinical conditions not often well recognised and characterized with conventional radiology and biochemical tests. Radiological techniques (TC, MRI, US) show anatomical changes that usually occur in chronic stages of the disease leading to a delayed diagnosis...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113196660666
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinone based bioreductive drugs have, potentially, a very versatile use in cancer chemotherapy. They can be activated by DT-diaphorase and hence can be used to target tumour types rich in this (O2)-independent reductase enzyme. Small molecular modifications can substantially reduce specificity for DT-diaphorase and u...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612023394548
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid advancement of computer architectures and development of mathematical algorithms offer a unique opportunity to leverage the simulation of macromolecular systems at physiologically relevant timescales. Herein, we discuss the impact of diverse structure-based and ligand-based molecular modeling techniques in d...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190304123545
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research on Substance P (SP) has, until recently, focused on its role in pain and inflammation. However, a report that NK(1) receptor antagonists have utility in the treatment of depression has stimulated research into the function of SP and the NK(1)receptor in anxiety and depression. The distribution of SP and the N...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612053764779
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cell-cell adhesion is essential in maintaining the structure and function of an organ. Several adhesion molecules have recently been identified as associated with heroin dependence in both genetic and peripheral plasma studies. METHODS AND RESULTS:We reviewed literature concerning studies on adhesion molecu...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200116144147
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00