Abstract：
:In many regions of the brain, information is represented by patterns of activity occurring over populations of neurons. Understanding the encoding of information in neural population activity is important both for grasping the fundamental computations underlying brain function, and for interpreting signals that may be useful for the control of prosthetic devices. We concentrate on the representation of information in neurons with Poisson spike statistics, in which information is contained in the average spike firing rate. We analyze the properties of population codes in terms of the tuning functions that describe individual neuron behavior. The discussion centers on three computational questions: first, what information is encoded in a population; second, how does the brain compute using populations; and third, when is a population optimal? To answer these questions, we discuss several methods for decoding population activity in an experimental setting. We also discuss how computation can be performed within the brain in networks of interconnected populations. Finally, we examine questions of optimal design of population codes that may help to explain their particular form and the set of variables that are best represented. We show that for population codes based on neurons that have a Poisson distribution of spike probabilities, the behavior and computational properties of the code can be understood in terms of the tuning properties of individual cells.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neurobioljournal_title
Current opinion in neurobiologyauthors
Sanger TDdoi
10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00034-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
238-49issue
2eissn
0959-4388issn
1873-6882pii
S0959438803000345journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The control of movement relies on the precision with which motor circuits are assembled during development. Spinal motor neurons (MNs) provide the trigger to signal the appropriate sequence of muscle contractions and initiate movement. This task is accommodated by the diversification of MNs into discrete subpopulation...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2008.04.002
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adult mammalian neocortex, the major region of the cerebral cortex, is divided into functionally specialized areas, defined by distinct architecture and axonal connections. Extrinsic influences, such as thalamocortical input, and genetic regulation, intrinsic to the dorsal telencephalon, control the gradual emerge...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00285-4
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play key roles in photoreceptor and olfactory signal-transduction pathways. Recent studies have focused on the molecular characterization of CNG channel subunits and on the identification of the structural domains that contribute to ligand selectivity and affinity, ion gating and...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80048-1
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Echolocating bats exhibit accurate three-dimensional (3D) auditory localization to avoid obstacles and intercept prey. The bat achieves high spatial resolution through a biological sonar system. Key features of the bat's sonar system are (1) high frequency, directional echolocation signals; (2) high frequency hearing;...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2016.08.002
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression, conceptualized as major depressive disorder (MDD), is a complex psychiatric disorder with multiple behavioral changes and alterations in various brain regions. Biochemically, serotonin and others substances like GABA, glutamate, norepinephrin, adrenaline/noradrenaline play an essential role in the pathogen...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2012.08.004
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Classical conditioning, the simplest form of associative learning, is one of the most studied paradigms in behavioural psychology. Since the formal description of classical conditioning by Pavlov, lesion studies in animals have identified a number of anatomical structures involved in, and necessary for, classical cond...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00078-7
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical and physiological evidence has suggested that myosins, both conventional and unconventional, are critical for neurosensory activities. In the past few years, this premise has been supported by genetic evidence that has shown that unconventional myosins are essential for the proper functioning of neurons, r...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(97)80080-3
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gene product responsible for autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism, Parkin, has been observed to have ubiquitin ligase activity. This finding has changed the direction of studies on Parkinson's disease by suggesting that abnormal protein turnover might be involved in its pathogenesis. A number of potentially n...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2004.04.002
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analyzing data from experiments involves variables that we neuroscientists are uncertain about. Efficiently calculating with such variables usually requires Bayesian statistics. As it is crucial when analyzing complex data, it seems natural that the brain would "use" such statistics to analyze data from the world. And...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2014.01.003
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuropeptide oxytocin has had key roles throughout mammalian evolution in the regulation of complex social cognition and behaviors, such as attachment, parental care, pair-bonding, as well as social exploration and recognition. Recently, studies have begun to provide evidence that the function of this neuropeptide...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2012.09.004
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voltage-gated ion channels are composed of pore-forming subunits, as well as auxiliary subunits that modify the functions of these channels. In addition, the channels interact with other modulatory proteins in a more transient manner, although with significant effects on channel activity. Even though many second-messe...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(95)80040-9
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review connects several lines of research to argue that hyperbolic geometry should be broadly applicable to neural circuits as well as other biological circuits. The reason for this is that networks that conform to hyperbolic geometry are maximally responsive to external and internal perturbations. These networks...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2019.07.008
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral repertoire of an organism can be highly diverse, spanning from social to defensive. How an animal efficiently switches between distinct behaviors is a fundamental question whose inquiry will provide insights into the mechanisms that are necessary for an organism's survival. Previous work aimed at identi...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.017
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social experiences throughout life influence gene expression and behavior, however, early in development these influences have a particularly profound effect. In mammals, mother-infant interactions are the primary source of social stimulation and result in long-term changes in offspring phenotype. This has previously ...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.001
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the last few years, work in the nascent field of neuroeconomics has advanced understanding of the brain systems involved in value-based decision making. An important modulator of valuation processes is the specific context a decision maker is facing during choice. Recently, neuroeconomics has made great progress in...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2016.06.015
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that many aspects of reward-guided behaviour can be understood within the framework of a computational account of decision making. The account emphasises representation of expectations about decision outcomes and the revision of future expectations in the light of the prediction error-the discrep...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2009.02.005
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews recent evidence suggesting that endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor may be involved in neural responses to injury, and discusses the possibility that ciliary neurotrophic factor could have therapeutic applications in a clinical setting. The functional relevance of ciliary neurotrophic factor in...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(93)90154-q
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neocortex expansion in development and evolution reflects an increased and prolonged activity of neural progenitor cells. Insight into key aspects of the underlying cell biology has recently been obtained. First, the restriction of apical progenitors to undergo mitosis at the ventricular surface is overcome by generat...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2016.05.004
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polarity of neurotransmission mediated by the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) type A receptor depends crucially on intracellular chloride concentration, which is largely determined by the expression and function of cation/chloride co-transporters. Recent evidence shows how both activity and neurotrophic factors ca...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2007.01.002
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plasticity of the nervous system is due to the ability of neurons to change their properties by altering the function of their proteome. A major mechanism for this is through altering the amount of proteins by regulating their translation. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the elucidation of the mecha...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2010.03.011
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent psychophysical studies on normal subjects, as well as brain imaging studies, have revised the concepts concerning the mechanisms underlying spatial orientation during navigation tasks. The emphasis has been put on internal models that allow the prediction of a planned trajectory and are essential in the steerin...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00041-0
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracting the structure of complex environments is at the core of our ability to interpret the present and predict the future. This skill is important for a range of behaviours from navigating a new city to learning music and language. Classical approaches that investigate our ability to extract the principles of org...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2019.09.014
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensory gating mechanisms are deployed during vertebrate locomotion to ensure that adaptive and appropriate motor responses to afferent input occur during all phases of the movement cycle. Recent animal studies on the integration of cutaneous information have investigated the roles of interneurones in sensory gating. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(05)80032-7
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Priming is a nonconscious form of memory in which an encounter with a stimulus influences the subsequent identification, production or classification of the same or a related stimulus. Neuroimaging studies have revealed that behavioral priming is typically accompanied by reduced activity in several cortical regions. W...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2007.02.001
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pruning, a process by which neurons selectively remove exuberant or unnecessary processes without causing cell death, is crucial for the establishment of mature neural circuits during animal development. Yet relatively little is known about molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern neuronal pruning. Holometabolous...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2014.04.005
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent developments have led to a greater insight into the complex processes of perception of visual motion. A better understanding of the neuronal circuitry involved and advances in electrophysiological techniques have allowed researchers to alter the perception of an animal with a stimulating electrode. In addition,...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-4388(92)90008-9
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of vnd in ventral, ind in intermediate, and msh in dorsal columns of fly neurectoderm, and of homologous gene families in corresponding domains of vertebrate neurectoderm, suggests that elements of dorsoventral neural patterning have been evolutionarily conserved. However, upstream signaling pathways regula...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00049-5
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the two major endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), serves as a retrograde messenger at various types of synapses throughout the brain. Upon postsynaptic activation, 2-AG is released immediately after de novo synthesis, activates presynaptic CB1 cannabinoid receptors, and transiently suppresses neuro...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.017
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perceptual and control systems are tasked with the challenge of accurately and efficiently estimating the dynamic states of objects in the environment. To properly account for uncertainty, it is necessary to maintain a dynamical belief state representation rather than a single state vector. In this review, canonical a...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.conb.2014.01.018
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accepting, rejecting or modifying the many different theories of the cerebellum's role in the control of movement requires an understanding of the signals encoded in the discharge of cerebellar neurons and how those signals are transformed by the cerebellar circuitry. Particularly challenging is understanding the sens...
journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80119-0
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
