Abstract：
:Here we report the use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and morpholino technologies to specifically 'knock down' gene expression in early postimplantation mouse embryos. Sequence specific interference mediated by either dsRNA or by morpholino has been a useful tool for studying gene function in several organisms. However, specifically for the dsRNA, doubts have been raised about whether it could successfully be applied on vertebrate embryos. We demonstrate that electroporation of dsRNA directed against Otx2 or Foxa2 into postimplantation mouse embryos results in specific knock down of the expression of the respective endogenous genes in a region- and germ-layer specific manner. We also show that electroporation of morpholino directed against Foxa2 into the node of mouse embryos leads to a specific down regulation of Foxa2 expression in the floor plate. Our results demonstrate for the first time that dsRNA and morpholino technologies can be successfully applied in early postimplantation mouse embryos to specifically knock down gene expression.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Mellitzer G,Hallonet M,Chen L,Ang SLdoi
10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00191-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
57-63issue
1-2eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925477302001910journal_volume
118pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The expression pattern of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene EphB3 was examined during the early stages of chick embryogenesis, and is described in this report. In the gastrula, EphB3 is expressed in epiblast cells adjacent to and entering the anterior portion of the primitive streak; expression is extinguished once ce...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00363-x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the Drosophila embryo, a subset of muscles require expression and function of the RYK subfamily RTK gene derailed (drl) for correct attachment. We have isolated a second RYK homolog, doughnut (dnt), from Drosophila. The DNT protein exhibits 60% amino acid identity to DRL, and is structurally as similar to the mamma...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00167-1
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gene crumbs (crb) of Drosophila encodes a transmembrane protein with 30 EGF-like and four laminin A G-domain-like repeats in its extracellular domain. Loss-of-function mutations lead to severe disorganization and degeneration of ectodermally derived embryonic epithelia. In embryos homozygous for crb8F105, an amorp...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(93)90066-7
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compares by immunogold labeling the ultrastructural localization of a hexameric 22S glycoprotein, called toposome, with that of hyalin in unfertilized eggs and cells of hatched sea urchin blastulae. Nearly all hyalin is present in the electron translucent compartment of the cortical granules and in the tran...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(91)90079-l
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:COUP-TFs (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factors) have been proposed to be negative regulators of retinoid receptor-mediated transcriptional activation. In a previous paper we reported the cloning of a Xenopus (x) COUP-TF (Matharu, P.J. and Sweeney, G.E. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1129, 331-334)....
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00471-8
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the mammary gland Bcl-x is the most abundant cell survival factor from the Bcl-2 family. Since Bcl-x null mice die around day 12 of embryogenesis, the relevance of this protein in organ development and function is poorly understood. In erythroid cells bcl-x gene expression is controlled by cytokines and the transcr...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00549-4
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Branching morphogenesis is a developmental process characteristic of many organ systems. Specifically, during renal branching morphogenesis, its been postulated that the final number of nephrons formed is one key clinical factor in the development of hypertension in adulthood. As it has been established that BMPs regu...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2009.02.005
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mll, Brg1 and Brm are vertebrate homologues of Drosophila trithorax group (trxG) genes. We isolated chicken Mll cDNA clones, and examined patterns of Mll, Brg1 and Brm expression in chick embryos. All three genes were expressed from embryonic stage 2 onwards. Mll transcripts were just detectable in all tissues by in s...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00207-x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dorsal thalamus (DT) is a pivotal region in the vertebrate brain that relays inputs from the peripheral sensory organs to higher cognitive centers. It consists of clusters of neurons with relevant functions, called brain nuclei. However, the mechanisms underlying development of the DT, including specification of t...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2003.09.001
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Members of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) define a subclass of LIM-only proteins implicated mainly in muscle differentiation. Until now, very little is known concerning the expression of CRP encoding genes during vertebrate development. We describe here the isolation of a trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gene encoding a c...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00127-0
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By means of subtractive and differential hybridization techniques we have identified a novel murine gene (1A13) the expression of which is developmentally regulated in the mouse brain. Comparison of the nucleotide and predicted protein sequence revealed closest relationship of 1A13 to human CoREST, a transcriptional c...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00477-4
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The normal embryogenesis of marine animals is typically confined to a species-specific range of temperatures. Within that temperature range development results in a consistent, or canalized, phenotype, whereas above and below the range abnormal phenotypes are produced. This study reveals a high temperature threshold, ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2019.04.002
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Splotch mice, which harbour mutations in the Pax3 gene, exhibit neural crest-related abnormalities including pigmentation defects, reduced or absent dorsal root ganglia and failure of cardiac outflow tract septation in homozygotes. Although splotch neural crest cells fail to colonise target tissues, they initiate migr...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00151-2
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chick dermis is known to control the formation of feathers and interfeathery skin in a hexagonal pattern. The evidence that the segregation of two types of fibroblasts involves Delta/Notch signalling is based on three facts. Rings of C-Delta-1-expressing fibroblasts precede and delimit the forming feather primordi...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00027-6
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The homeotic or Hox genes encode a network of conserved transcription factors which provide axial positional information and control segment morphology in development and evolution. During embryonic brain development of Drosophila, the Hox gene labial (lab) is essential for tritocerebral neuromere specification; lab l...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2005.09.004
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In bovine preimplantation development, female embryos progress at lower rates and originate smaller blastocysts than male counterparts. Although sex-specific gene expression patterns are reported, when and how sex dimorphism is established is not clear. Differences among female and male early development can be useful...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2015.12.001
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Drosophila melanogaster, the patterning of dorsal appendages on the eggshell is strictly controlled by EGFR signaling. However, the number of dorsal appendages is remarkably diverse among Drosophila species. For example, D. melanogaster and D. virilis have two and four dorsal appendages, respectively. Here we show ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00164-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new family of homeodomain proteins has recently been identified that includes extradenticle, ceh-20 and three mammalian proteins Pbx1, Pbx2 and Pbx3. We show here that two members of this family, Pbx1 and Pbx2 bind cooperatively to DNA with both Hoxb-7 and Hoxb-8. Engrailed-2 modulates the DNA binding activity of th...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00394-g
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulatory genes directing embryonic development are expressed in complex patterns. The Drosophila homeobox gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is expressed in a striped pattern that is controlled by several discrete and large cis- regulatory elements. One key cis-element is the ftz proximal enhancer which is required for stripe ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00038-6
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Dan gene was first identified as the putative rat tumor suppressor gene and encodes a protein structurally related to Cerberus and Gremlin in vertebrates. Xenopus DAN, as with Cerberus and Gremlin, was demonstrated to block bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by binding BMPs, and to be capable of inducing a...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00522-6
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DmFoxF is a novel Drosophila fork head domain factor, which is expressed in the visceral mesoderm of the embryo. Our data suggest that DmFoxF is the fly orthologue of the vertebrates FOXF1 and FOXF2 transcription factors. DmFoxF shares homology with FOXF1 and FOXF2 in its fork head domain, and it is able to specifical...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00603-7
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The POU domain is a approximately 140 amino acid domain shared by several mammalian transcriptional activators. We have isolated genomic and cDNA clones from three Drosophila POU domain genes, designated pdm-1, pdm-2, and Cf1a. All three genes encode a conserved POU-specific domain and a POU homeo domain but are other...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(91)90045-8
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of signal perturbation on expression domains of molecular markers for the mesoderm and ectoderm have been analysed across the dorso-ventral axis in zebrafish embryos. Injection of RNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) ventralised the embryo, expanding the intermediate mesoderm and non-neural ec...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00659-x
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used whole mount in situ hybridization to analyze the pattern of expression of the gene Endo 16 in S. purpuratus embryos. The mRNA is first detectable at 18 h post-fertilization in the cytoplasm of blastomeres derived from the Veg2 6th cleavage tier. The number of Endo 16 positive cells increases gradually thr...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(93)90001-e
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diencephalon is the caudal part of the developing forebrain that gives rise to the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus and retina. The mature diencephalon is functionally and anatomically parceled into well-defined nuclei. In an effort to understand how this region of the brain develops we examined the expression ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00091-6
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a zebrafish gene, Ziro3, which is highly homologous to Xenopus and mouse iroquois3. Ziro3 expression starts during gastrulation in the dorsal axial mesoderm that develops into the notochord. Later, the expression is limited to the chordo-neural hinge in the tailbud. Ziro3 expression also occurs in the cent...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00121-5
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have identified ramshackle (ram) as a dominant suppressor of hedgehog loss-of-function in the developing Drosophila eye. We have characterized the gene and it encodes a double bromodomain protein with eight WD40 repeats. The Ram protein is localized predominantly to polytene chromosome interbands and is required fo...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2006.06.007
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The runt gene plays an important role in the genetic hierarchy that generates the segmented body pattern during the early stages of Drosophila embryogenesis. We studied mRNA expression in mutant embryos in order to investigate the regulation of runt transcription during these stages. We used sensitive whole-mount in s...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(93)90019-t
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortactin is a Src substrate that interacts with F-actin and can stimulate actin polymerization by direct interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. We have isolated complete loss-of-function mutants of the single Drosophila cortactin gene. Mutants are viable and fertile, showing that cortactin is not an essential gene. How...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2003.10.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During early vertebrate development, a series of neuromeres divides the central nervous system from the forebrain to the spinal cord. Here we examine in more detail the expression of Wnt-3, a member of the Wnt gene family of secreted proteins, in the developing diencephalon, in comparison to the expression of the home...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(92)90042-i
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
